Chapter 1 - Evolution, Themes Of Biol And Scientific Inquiry

Question 1

An organism’s adoptions to its environment are the result of?

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Evolution is;

Answer 2

The process of change over time that has resulted in the astounding array of organisms found on earth. It is the fundamental principle of biology.

Question 3

Biology

Answer 3

The scientific study of life

Question 4

Five unifying themes of biology:

Answer 4

Organization, information, energy and matter, interactions and evolution

Question 5

Biosphere

Answer 5

Consists of all life on earth and all the places where it exists.

Question 6

Ecosystems

Answer 6

Consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts.

Question 7

Biological Communities

Answer 7

The array of organisms in having a particular ecosystem

Question 8

A group whose members can only reproduce with other members of this group

Answer 8

Species

Question 9

A population

Answer 9

All the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area.

Question 10

Individual living things are called

Answer 10

Organisms

Question 11

An Organ is

Answer 11

A body part that is made up of multiple tissues. Has specific functions in the body.

Question 12

Tissue

Answer 12

A group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function.

Question 13

The cell:

Answer 13

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function.

Question 14

Organelles:

Answer 14

The various functional components present in cells.

Question 15

Molecules

Answer 15

A chemical structure consisting of two or more units called Atoms.

Question 16

The levels of biological organization:

Answer 16

1. Biosphere
2. Ecosystems
3. Communities
4. Populations
5. Organisms
6. Organs
7. Tissue
8. Cells
9. Organelles
10. Molecules

Question 17

Reductionism

Answer 17

Reduce his complex systems into simpler components that are more manageable to study.

Question 18

Exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts

Answer 18

Systems biology

Question 19

The smallest unit of an organization that can perform all activities required for life

Answer 19

The cell

Question 20

Every cell is enclosed by a membrane that:

Answer 20

Regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its surroundings.

Question 21

Two main forms of cells:

Answer 21

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 22

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 22

The cells of two groups of single celled microorganisms – bacteria and archaea

Question 23

Composed of Eukaryotic cells

Answer 23

All other forms of life, including plants and animals

Question 24

Eukaryotic cell contains:

Answer 24

Membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 25

Prokaryotic cell lacks a –

Answer 25

Nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles. They are also generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Question 26

Chromosomes contain –

Answer 26

Genetic material in the form of DNA.

Question 27

DNA stands for

Answer 27

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 28

Before a cell divides –

Answer 28

DNA is first replicated and each of the two cellular offspring inherits a complete set of chromosomes, identical to that of the parent cell

Question 29

Each chromosome contains one very long DNA molecule with –

Answer 29

Hundreds or thousands of genes

Question 30

Genes

Answer 30

A section of the DNA of the chromosome. Transmitted from parents to offspring’s they are the units of inheritance. Encode the information necessary to build all of the molecules synthesized within a cell, which in turn establish that sell’s identity and function.

Question 31

A DNA molecule is made up of –

Answer 31

Too long chains, called strands, arranged in a double helix.

Question 32

Four kinds of chemical building blocks that makes up each chain –

Answer 32

Nucleotides, abbreviated A, T, C & G.

Question 33

Specific sequences of the four nucleotides in code -

Answer 33

The information in genes.

Question 34

Protein-encoding genes control protein production indirectly, using a -

Answer 34

Related molecule called RNA as an intermediary

Question 35

A gene expression

Answer 35

The entire process by which the information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product.

Question 36

A genome

Answer 36

The entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

Question 37

The genome sequence

Answer 37

The entire sequence of nucleotides for a representative member of a species.

Question 38

Genomics

Answer 38

The whole study of sets of genes or other DNA in one or more species

Question 39

Proteomics

Answer 39

The study of sets of proteins and their properties

Question 40

Proteome

Answer 40

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism

Question 41

Feedback regulation

Answer 41

The output or product of a process regulates that very process.

Question 42

Negative feedback

Answer 42

A loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus

Question 43

Positive feedback

Answer 43

And end product speeds up its own production. Blood clotting for example

Question 44

Each species is given a two part name:

Answer 44

First part: genus to which the species belongs, second part: unique to the species within the genus.

Question 45

The three domains of life

Answer 45

Domain bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya

Question 46

Eukarya includes four subgroups:

Answer 46

Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Animalia and the protists.