Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroscience > Chapter 1: External Anatomy Of The Brain > Flashcards

Chapter 1: External Anatomy Of The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal lobe

A

spatial processing
language understanding
somatosensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parietal lobe

Superior parietal lobule

A

Lesions in this region cause people to forget to dress part of their body ( contralateral limb) “unilateral body neglect”. Can also get lost easily, can’t draw and exhibit the inability to carry out purposeful movements (apraxia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parietal lobe

Inferior lobule

A

Wernickes area is located here and is needed to understand language
Damage to this area affects the ability to read

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Cuneus and lingual gyri make up the primary visual cortex

Conscious vision occurs here and is processed in other areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Forebrain Lesion Symptoms

A 
consciousness loss
memory loss
language understanding and production loss
personality changes
seizures
thinking/cognition deficits
vision deficits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

primary motor strip
well learned, voluntary movement
part of the frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

primary somatosensory cortex
conscious awareness of touch
part of the parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Superior parietal lobule

A

perceptual processing
lesion here can result in “unilateral body neglect”
-person fails to dress contralateral side of the body
body awareness and orientation in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inferior parietal lobule

A

Wernicke’s area is located here

  - understanding of language
  - damage to this area affects the ability to read
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cuneus and Lingual gyri

A

primary visual cortex
part of the occipital lobe
conscious vision occurs here BUT is processed in many other places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cuneus gyrus

A

processes lower quadrant and opposite side of vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lingual gyrus

A

processes upper quadrant and opposite side of vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex= Heschl’s gyrus
most of visual perception and processing occurs here
contains the uncus, parahippocampal gyrus, insula, and cingulate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Uncus

A

holds the amygdala

part of the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amygdala

A

produces behaviors related to sex, thirst and hunger

part of the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parahippocampal

A

contains the hippocampus
responsible for forming new, explicit memories, remembering events and learning facts
part of the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Insula

A 
part of the social brain
ANS regulation
vestibular processing
interpretation of pain and quality of touch
part of the temporal lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Limbic lobe

A 
Memory
Motivation
Olfaction
Visceral Function
Emotions
Social brain
                      part of the temporal lobe
                      found on the medial surface of hemisphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

borders of the limbic lobe

A

uncus, cinguate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and paraolfactory gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Frontal lobe

A 
planning/thinking
voluntary movement
impulse control
personality
language production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cranial Nerves

A 
I- olfactory nerve
II- optic nerve
III- oculomotor nerve
IV- trochlear nerve
V-trigeminal nerve
VI-abducens nerve
VII-facial nerve
VIII-vestibular, auditory nerve
IX-glossopharyngeal nerve
X-vagus nerve
XI-accesssory nerve
XII-hypoglossal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Corpus callosum

A

connects frontal, parietal and occipital lobes for communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Forebrain

A

telencephalon + diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex + subcortical matter + basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Diencephalon
hypothalamus + thalamus
26
Mesencephalon
midbrain
27
Metencephalon
pons + cerebellum
28
Myencephalon
medulla
29
Hindbrain
pons + cerebellum + medulla | ( metencephalon + myencephalon)
30
Brainstem
midbrain + pons +medulla
31
Cerebellum
balance and eye movements
32
posterior commisure
how the right and left midbrain communicate
33
Choroid plexus
secretes the cerebrospinal fluid
34
Cerebral peduncle
crus cerebri + tegmentum
35
Tectum
posterior part of the midbrain | made up of the superior and inferior colliculi
36
Superior colliculus
conscious vision pathway
37
inferior colliculus
auditory pathway
38
crus cerebri
takes info from all areas of the cerebral cortex and brings it everywhere else major axonal highway
39
Voluntary motor cortex
precentral gyrus + premotor areas | found in the frontal lobe
40
Which nerves help move your eye?
CN III, IV and VI ( oculomotor, trochlear and abducens)
41
Infindibulum
connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
42
CN II- optic nerve
conscious vision
43
CN V- trigeminal nerve
somatosensation of the face | mastication
44
CN VIII-vestibular, auditory nerve
vestibulocochlear a tumor here can causing hearing loss and equilibrium problems or veritgo located at the pons-medulla junction
45
CN IX- glossopharyngeal nerve
somatosensation of the tongue and throat the exit of CN IX is close to the pons-medulla junction a lesion here may result in loss of the gag reflex
46
CN X- vagus nerve
visceral motor and sensory
47
CN XII- hypoglossal nerve
allows you to stick your tongue out and speak clearly a lesion of this root will result in a deviation of the tongue to the side of the root damage; medulla lesion can also cause this same deviation
48
Cuneate fasciculi
upper somatosensory pathway
49
graceal fasciculi
lower somatosensory pathway
50
Cerebellar peduncles
inferior, middle and superior
51
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
connects the medulla to the cerebellum | spinal cord ----> cerebellum
52
Middle cerebellar peduncle
connects the pons to the cerebellum | cortex------> cerebellum
53
Superior cerebellar peduncle
connects the midbrain to the cerebellum | sends info out of the cerebellum
54
Where do CN 9, 10, 11 and 12 originate?
the medulla
55
What does disrupted breathing or irregular heartbeats suggest?
a damaged medulla
56
What do CN 9, 10, 11 and 12 collectively do?
They control breathing and heart rate
57
Where do CN 5, 6 and 7 originate?
the pons
58
What symptoms indicate a pontine dysfunction?
loss of sensation in the face a medially deviated eye or weakness of the facial muscles
59
Where do CN 3 and 4 originate?
the midbrain
60
What symptoms indicate midbrain dysfunction?
dilated pupil or restricted eye movements
61
Where do CN 1 and 2 originate?
the forebrain
62
What symptoms indicate forebrain disease?
loss of smell loss of vision changes in mental functions, memory and language
63
What constitutes somatosensation?
pain, touch, temperature, kinesesthia, positioning
64
What makes up the dorsal surface of the midbrain?
the superior and inferior coniculli (tectum)
65
What makes up the dorsal surface of the medulla?
the cuneate and gracile fasciculi which carry somatosensation rostrally
66
What connects the hypothalmus to the pituitary gland?
the infundibulum
67
CN VI- abducens nerve
controls movement of the lateral rectus muscle of the eye a patient with this lesion experiences a loss of voluntary lateral gaze in the eye on the side of the lesion (paralysis of lateral rectus muscle) This is called diplopia; eye on lesioned side is medially deviated
68
superior gyrus of the temporal lobe
audition and makes up part of Wernicke's area
69
middle and inferior gyri of the temporal lobe
visual memory and perception
70
superior and middle gyri of the frontal lobe
includes the "secondary motor" and premotor areas for organization of voluntary movements
71
prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe
personality, planning and sequencing of complex tasks
72
inferior gyrus of the frontal lobe
contains Broca's area for language production
73
Why is it that damage to Heschel's gyrus on one hemisphere produces little defecit?
because auditory information is processed bilaterally in the brain
74
UMN signs
``` weakness spastic paralysis slow atrophy hyperreflexia eventually -Babinski -increased DTRs -clonus contralateral innervation ```
75
LMN signs
``` weakness flaccid paralysis fast atrophy fasiculations Hyporeflexia or areflexia ipsilateral innervation cell bodies sit in the ventral horn ```
76
What does the posterior limb of the internal capsule carry?
carries somatic sensory and motor info from each side of the central sulcus and visual info to the occipital lobes
77
Where does the medial geniculate give input?
to the inferior colliculus to target the auditory cortex
78
Where does the lateral geniculate give input?
to the optic tract to target the visual cortex

Neuroscience (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions