Chapter 1 - First look at anatomy

Question 1

Study of the structure of the body

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Study of the function of the body and its individual parts

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Examines structures that cannot be viewed by the unaided eye

Answer 3

Microscopic anatomy

Question 4

Study of cells

Answer 4

Cytology

Question 5

Study of tissues

Answer 5

Histology

Question 6

Investigates structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible to the unaided eye

Answer 6

Gross/Macroscopic anatomy

Question 7

Examines similarities and differences in anatomy of different species

Answer 7

Comparative

Question 8

Investigates changes in structure within an individual from conception through maturity

Answer 8

Developmental

Question 9

Concerned with development changes occurring prior to birth

Answer 9

Embryology

Question 10

Examines all structures in a particular region of the body as one complete unit (skin, connective tissue and bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels of the neck)

Answer 10

Regional

Question 11

Examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them

Answer 11

Surface

Question 12

Studies gross anatomy of each system in the body

Answer 12

Systemic

Question 13

Examines all anatomic changes resulting in disease

Answer 13

Pathology

Question 14

Studies relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific medical imaging procedures (ultrasound, MRI, x-ray)

Answer 14

Radiology/Medical imaging

Question 15

Investigates anatomic landmarks used before and after surgery

Answer 15

Surgical

Question 16

Integumentary system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 16

Major organs:

• Skin
• Hair
• Sweat glands
• Nails

Functions:

• Protects against environmental hazards
• Helps regulate body temperature

Question 17

Muscular system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 17

Major organs:
-Skeleton muscles and associated tendons

Functions:

• Provides movement
• Provides protection and support for other tissues
• Generates heat that maintains body temperature

Question 18

Skeleton system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 18

Major organs:

• Bones
• Cartilages
• Associated ligaments
• Bone marrow

Functions:

• Provides support and protection for other tissues
• Stores calcium and other minerals
• Forms blood cells

Question 19

Nervous system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 19

Major organs:

• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Peripheral nerves
• Sense organs

Functions:

• Directs immediate responses to stimuli
• Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
• Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions

Question 20

Lymphatic system

Answer 20

Major organs:

• Spleen
• Thymus
• Lymphatic vessels
• Lymph nodes
• Tonsils

Functions:

• Defends against infection and disease
• Returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

Question 21

Digestive system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 21

Major organs:

• Teeth
• Tongue
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• SI
• LI
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas

Functions:

• Processes and digests food
• Absorbs and conserves water
• Absorbs nutrients (ions, water, and the breakdown products of dietary sugars, proteins, and fats)
• Stores energy reserves

Question 22

Respiratory system

Answer 22

Major organs:

• Nasal cavities
• Sinuses
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs
• Alveoli

Functions:

• Delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs)
• Provides oxygen to bloodstream
• Removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream
• Produces sounds for communication

Question 23

Urinary system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 23

Major organs:

• Kidneys
• Uterers
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra

Functions:

• Excretes waste products from the blood
• Controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced
• Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
• Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH

Question 24

Male reproductive system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 24

Major organs:

• Testes
• Epididymis
• Ductus deferens
• Seminal vesicles
• Prostate gland
• Penis
• Scrotum

Functions:
-Produces male sex cells (sperm) and hormones

Question 25

Endocrine system

Answer 25

Major organs: - Pituitary gland - Thyroid gland - Pancreas - Adrenal glands - Gonads (testes and ovaries) - Endocrine tissues in other systems Functions: - Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems - Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body - Controls many structural and functional changes during development

Question 26

Female reproductive system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 26

Major organs: - Ovaries - Uterine tubes - Uterus - Vagina - Labia - Clitoris - Mammary glands Functions: - Produces females sex cells (oocytes) and hormones - Supports developing embryo from conception to delivery - Provides milk to nourish newborn infant

Question 27

Cardiovascular system (Major organs and functions)

Answer 27

Major organs: - Heart - Blood - Blood vessels Functions: - Distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials, including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide - Distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature

Question 28

Membrane

Answer 28

Double layered; protects organs from cavity walls

Question 29

Parietal layer

Answer 29

Attached to cavity wall (lines) | -Fluid is often found between layers

Question 30

Visceral layer

Answer 30

Attached to organ (directly covers) | -Fluid is often found between layers