Chapter 1 - Food choices + Human health

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

the state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease or abnormality

Question 2

Nutrition

Answer 2

the study of:

• Nutrients in food
• How nutrients are used in the body
• Human behaviours related to food

Question 3

Diet

Answer 3

the foods + beverages a person usually consumes

Question 4

Food

Answer 4

any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable to to stay alive and healthy

Question 5

Chronic disease

Answer 5

a long duration, degenerative disease characterized by the damage of body organs

Question 6

Nutritional genomics (Nutrigenomics)

Answer 6

the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes & how genes affect the activity of nutrients

Question 7

Nutrients

Answer 7

Components in food that are essential to the functioning of the body

Question 8

2 groups of nutrients

Answer 8

Energy providing

Non-energy providing (other)

Question 9

3 classes of energy providing nutrients

Answer 9

Carbs
fats
protein

Question 10

3 classes of non-energy providing nutrients

Answer 10

Water
vitamins
minerals

Question 11

Essential nutrients

Answer 11

nutrients that the body cannot make for itself (i.e. must be obtained)

Question 12

8 essential amino acids

Answer 12

TV TILL PM
Threonine, Valine
Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine
Phenylalanine, Methionine

Question 13

2 essential fatty acids

Answer 13

Linoleic acid

Linolenic acid

Question 14

True or false - most vitamins are essential nutrients

Answer 14

True

Question 15

3 fat soluble vitamins

Answer 15

A,D,E

Question 16

1 conditional vitamin

Answer 16

K

Question 17

True or false - all minerals are non-essential nutrients

Answer 17

False - all are essential

Question 18

Conditionally essential nutrients

Answer 18

the body cannot make enough to meet the requirements for health

Question 19

non-essential nutrients

Answer 19

the body can make for itself, does not have to rely on food intake

Question 20

Calorie

Answer 20

amount of energy required to raise 1L of water by 1ºC

Question 21

Calories in:

carbs, fats, proteins, alcohol

Answer 21

4, 9, 4, 7

Question 22

5 characteristics of a healthy diet

Answer 22

Adequacy
Balace
Calorie control
Moderation
Variety

Question 23

Adequacy

Answer 23

Diet is adequate in essential nutrients, fibre, & energy

Question 24

Balance

Answer 24

Balance in nutrients & food types

Question 25

Calorie control

Answer 25

foods provide amount of energy to maintain healthy body weight

Question 26

Moderation

Answer 26

moderation in fat, salt, sugar, etc.

Question 27

Variety

Answer 27

choosing different foods each day

Question 28

Basic/ whole foods

Answer 28

normal foods (milk products, meats, vegetables, fruits, grains, etc.)

Question 29

Enriched/ fortified foods

Answer 29

foods with added nutrients

Question 30

Functional foods

Answer 30

foods that possess nutrients or non-nutrients that might protect against disease

Question 31

natural foods

Answer 31

implies wholesomeness

Question 32

Nutraceutical

Answer 32

products isolated from food, often sold in pill form & believed to have medicinal effects

Question 33

Partitioned foods

Answer 33

food composed of parts of whole foods (ex. butter from milk)

Question 34

Processed foods

Answer 34

food subjected to any process | milling, additives, cooking, texture alteration

Question 35

Staple foods

Answer 35

foods used frequently or daily

Question 36

Nutrient density

Answer 36

a measure of nutrients per calorie of food

Question 37

blind experiment

Answer 37

subjects dont know if they're in experimental or control group

Question 38

case studies

Answer 38

study individuals in clinical settings

Question 39

control group

Answer 39

a group who is similar to the experimental group in all ways, except receive a placebo instead of the real treatment

Question 40

epidemiological studies

Answer 40

study of populations

Question 41

intervention study

Answer 41

studies of populations in which experimental manipulation of some individuals has taken place (ex. half of subjects)

Question 42

laboratory studies

Answer 42

studies under tightly controlled conditions | used to study cause and effects, often use animals

Question 43

randomized controlled trials (RCT)/ clinical trials

Answer 43

subjects are placed in experimental/ control group in random fashion (no bias)

Question 44

Advertorials

Answer 44

long ads that read like feature articles

Question 45

anecdotal evidence

Answer 45

info based on interesting/ entertaining personal accounts of events (not scientific)

Question 46

nutritional fraud/ quackery

Answer 46

promotion of something for financial gain | claims to alter human condition without any proof for safety or effectiveness

Question 47

infomercials

Answer 47

feature-length television commercials that follow the format of regular programs but are intended to convince people to buy stuff

Question 48

urban legends

Answer 48

stories, usually false, that gain strength by repetition

Question 49

Nutritionist

Answer 49

non-regulated term, person may not have formal training

Question 50

Registered dietitian (RD)

Answer 50

regulated by law, member of a provincial regulatory body | 4 year undergrad degree + 8-12 month practicum + Canadian Dietetic Registration Exam

Question 51

dietetic technician

Answer 51

person who has completed 2 year academic degree + dietetic technician program

Question 52

Dieticians of Canada

Answer 52

professional organization for Canada

Question 53

Medical nutrition therapy

Answer 53

nutrition services used in the treatment of injury, illness, etc.

Question 54

public health nutritionist

Answer 54

RD with an advanced degree in nutrition who specializes in public health