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RN Psych Cert > Chapter 1 Foundational Aspects Of Brain > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Foundational Aspects Of Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

3 basic components the cerebrum surrounds

A

Cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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3
Q

What 3 major structures create the CNS (central nervous system)

A

Brain
Brainstem
Spinal cord

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4
Q

What is PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

What is the purpose of somatic branch of PNS

A

Voluntary motor movement

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6
Q

Purpose of Autonomic branch (ANS) OF PNS

A

Controls muscular & excretion activities of internal organs, blood vessels, glands (endo/exocrine)

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7
Q

Function of sympathetic branch

A

Increase HR, RR, BP, energy mobilization. Decreases digestive & reproductive function

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8
Q

Function of parasympathetic branch of ANS

A

Homeostatic, maintain HR, RR, metabolic & digestive function.

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9
Q

What ANS is fight or flight

A

Sympathetic division

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10
Q

What ANS is rest/digest function or restorative function

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What are the 4 lobes of brain

A

Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal

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12
Q

What is corpus callosum

A

A band of axons that present bilateral in brain connecting 4 lobes of brain

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13
Q

What are the parts of the brain the corpus callosum connect

A

Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal

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14
Q

What is the purpose of ascending and descending pathways in the brain

A

Carry info between brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

An injury to the left frontal lobe may affect ______ functioning on the _____ side of body

A

Motor
Right

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16
Q

_____ is the deterioration in intellectual & cognitive functions

A

Dementia

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17
Q

________ is the disruption of language function

A

Aphasia

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18
Q

Aphasia affects what lobes of brain

A

Frontal & Temporal

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19
Q

_______ is a disturbance in the organization of voluntary action (putting on clothes)

A

Apraxia

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20
Q

_____ is disorganization of perception & recognition

A

Agnosia

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21
Q

Agnosia affects what lobe of the brain

A

Parietal

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22
Q

Define amnesia

A

Dysfunction of memory process

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23
Q

What part of brain does amnesia affect

A

Temporal lobe

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24
Q

Define alogia

A

Disruption of expressive language ability (poverty of speech)

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25
What lobe(s) of brain does alogia affect
Frontal & Temporal
26
What is the foremost part of the cortex
Frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex)
27
3 major functions of frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex)
Executive or higher level cognitive function Working memory Personality
28
What & where is the motor strip of the brain
Across top, left to right, coordinates movement
29
What is the brains sensory strip located in the postcentral gyrus
5 senses. Provides perceptual cues to the world around us.
30
Injury to the ______ ______ can manifest as hallucinations or be experienced in convulsive conditions.
Sensory strip
31
What are the 5 senses
Auditory Visual Gustatory (taste) Tactile Olfactory
32
Where is the Occipital cortex and it's responsibility
Back of head Visual activity
33
What part of the brain houses the auditory process, and where is it located
Temporal cortex Behind sensory cortex
34
What system plays a primitive role in triggering memories
Olfactory system
35
What function of the frontal lobe refers to decision making, planning, organizing, & impulse control
Executive or higher-level cognitive functioning
36
Frontal lobe: ______ _______ refers to attentional system that holds/manipulates info until it is transferred to long-term memory
Working memory
37
________ develops over the early years as a function of interplay between brain and environment
Personality
38
At what age does personality stabilize or change very little
Late adolescent or early adulthood
39
What are Broca's area & Wernicke's area
2 areas of the brain that play a part in language. Broca is language production. Wernicke is language comprehension
40
Define Broca's aphasia
damage to the inferior frontal cortex resulting in speech difficulty
41
Temporal lobe functions
Hearing Interpret language Learning/memory Emotional responses
42
The posterior temporal cortex involved in interpretation of language is?
Wernicke's Area
43
Functions of Parietal lobe
Light touch, pressure, pain, temperature, vibration, proprioception (position sense)
44
Define sensory agnosia
Inability to interpret sensory information dye to damage of Parietal lobe
45
Define Graphomotor problems
Difficulties drawing clock, copying a figure
46
Graphomotor problems, sensory agnosia & spatial difficulties are due to damage in the _________ lobe.
Parietal lobe
47
Visual agnosia & visual hallucinations are due to damage in the ________ lobe.
Occipital lobe
48
Give 2 examples of Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
Bradykinesia, hyperkinesia
49
Parkinsonism is caused by distruction of ________ neurons that project into the _______ ______ (Bundle of Nerves.)
Dopaminergic, basal ganglia
50
______, _______, & ________ all.suggest disease or damage to the Basal Ganglia
Bradykinesia, hyperkinesia, & hypokinesia
51
The Thalamus, also known as the _______ station is located where?
Relay station Between spinal cord & cortex
52
The _______ transmits incoming sensory information to relevant cortical areas
Thalamus
53
The RAS (reticulated activating system), Brainstem & _____ help modilate arousal levels
Thalamus
54
The _______ is the master homeostatic center in the brain
Hypothalamus
55
Functions of Hypothalamus
Regulate food & fluid intake, temperature, hunger, circadian rhythm & pituitary gland.
56
In perceived or actual stress, the _______ responds by triggering the _______ affecting the ANS and release ______
Hypothalamus Amygdala Epinephrine (adrenalin)
57
Function of Cerebellum
Movement, balance, posture
58
What s/s indicates Cerebellum dysfunction
Ataxia (wide-based gait), difficulties with finger to nose touch, difficulties with balance when eyes are closed
59
What system of the brain regulates emotion and memory
The Limbic system- "pleasure center"
60
What part of the brain is responsible for consolidating long-term explicit memories for facts & events
Hippocampus, "memory center"
61
Define neurogenesis, give an example of where in the brain this happens
An area of the brain capable of generating new neurons. The hippocampus
62
What part of the brain is important in considering excessive fears, emotions, & impulsively
Amygdala, "the emotional brain"
63
What part of the brain is critical in activation of the normal sleep-wake cycle & circadian rhythm patterns
The reticulated formation, part of the reticulated activating system
64
The neurotransmitter pathways are essential for modulating what 5 "M's"
Motor control Memory Mood Motivation Metabolic state
65
Brain injury below level of decussation result in same or opposite side of body effects
Same side
66
Brain injury above decussation show what type of injury
Peripheral impairment on opposite side of body
67
_______ is the site of decussation in the brain
Medulla
68
What part of brain relays info between the Cerebellum & cerebrum
Pons
69
Substantia nigra
Dopamine
70
Locus ceruleus
Norepinephrine
71
Raphe nuclei
Serotonin
72
What are the 2 distinct brain tissue types
Glia & neurons

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