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World History 1 > Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River Valley Civilizations > Flashcards

Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River Valley Civilizations Flashcards

1
Q

What is civilization?

A

Ambiguous, describes a more complex society or group sharing cultural traits.

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2
Q

What are the eight traits of civilization?

A

Artistic and scientific advancements, building of monuments, specialized labor, cities as administrative centers, long distance trade, status distinctions, political system based on control of territory and not kinship, record keeping

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3
Q

What are the eight traits of civilization?

A

Artistic and scientific advancements, building of monuments, specialized labor, cities as administrative centers, long distance trade, status distinctions, political system based on control of territory and not kinship, record keeping

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3
Q

What is culture?

A

Socially transmitted plans of action and expression

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4
Q

What is culture?

A

Socially transmitted plans of action and expression

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4
Q

What is history?

A

The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices.

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5
Q

What is the stone age?

A

Historical period categorized by tools made of stone and other nonmetal substances

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6
Q

What is Paleolithic?

A

The period of early stone age associated with the evolution of early humans

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7
Q

What is Neolithic

A

The period of stone age associated with the Agricultural Revolutions

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7
Q

What is history?

A

The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices.

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8
Q

What are foragers?

A

Hunter gatherers

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9
Q

What are the Agricultural Revolutions?

A

The change from food gathering to food production

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9
Q

What is the stone age?

A

Historical period categorized by tools made of stone and other nonmetal substances

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10
Q

What are megaliths?

A

Structures and complexes of very large stone possibly constructed for certain ceremonial and religious purposes in Neolithic times

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11
Q

Sumerians

A

People who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium BCE responsible for much of Mesopotamian culture.

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11
Q

What is Paleolithic?

A

The period of early stone age associated with the evolution of early humans

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12
Q

Semitic

A

Family of related languages spoken across parts of Western Asia and North Africa

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13
Q

City-state

A

Small independent state consisting of an urban center surrounded by agricultural territory

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13
Q

What is Neolithic

A

The period of stone age associated with the Agricultural Revolutions

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14
Q

Babylon

A

The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia

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15
Q

Hammurabi

A

Amorite ruler, conquered many Mesopotamian city-states, best known for Hammurabi’s Code

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15
Q

What are foragers?

A

Hunter gatherers

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16
Q

Scribe

A

Professional position reserved for men with much training, must read and write

17
Q

Ziggurat

A

Massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mud bricks, function unknown

17
Q

What are the Agricultural Revolutions?

A

The change from food gathering to food production

18
Q

Cuneiform

A

System of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represent words or symbols which originated in Mesopotamia

19
Q

Bronze

A

Alloy of copper and tin, better than copper

19
Q

What are megaliths?

A

Structures and complexes of very large stone possibly constructed for certain ceremonial and religious purposes in Neolithic times

20
Q

Bronze Age

A

Era when bronze was the primary metal for tools and weapons

21
Q

Sumerians

A

People who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium BCE responsible for much of Mesopotamian culture.

21
Q

Pharaoh

A

Central figure in ancient Egyptian state, believed to be earthly manifestation of gods, had absolute power

22
Q

Ma’at

A

Egyptian term for divinely created and maintained order of the universe

23
Q

Pyramid

A

Large triangular stone monument used in Nubia and Egypt for tombs and kings

23
Q

Semitic

A

Family of related languages spoken across parts of Western Asia and North Africa

24
Q

Memphis

A

Capitol of Old Kingdom Egypt, near head of Nile Delta

25
Q

Thebes

A

Capitol city of Egypt and home of ruling dynasties during Middle and New Kingdoms

25
Q

City-state

A

Small independent state consisting of an urban center surrounded by agricultural territory

26
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

System of writing in which pictoral symbols represented sounds, syllables, and concepts, used in ancient Egypt, required long study, confined to scribes

27
Q

Papyrus

A

Reed that grows along banks of the Nile used to make earliest form of paper

27
Q

Babylon

A

The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia

28
Q

Mummy

A

Body preserved by chemicals or natural cirumstance, often because it is believed the dead will need a body for the afterlife, important in ancient Egypt

29
Q

Harappa

A

Site of one of the great Indus Valley civilizations

29
Q

Hammurabi

A

Amorite ruler, conquered many Mesopotamian city-states, best known for Hammurabi’s Code

30
Q

Mohenjo-Daro

A

Largest of the cities in the Indus Valley civilization, little known, large scale construction, street grid, and standardization of building materials suggests strong central planning

31
Q

Scribe

A

Professional position reserved for men with much training, must read and write

33
Q

Ziggurat

A

Massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mud bricks, function unknown

35
Q

Cuneiform

A

System of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represent words or symbols which originated in Mesopotamia

37
Q

Bronze

A

Alloy of copper and tin, better than copper

39
Q

Bronze Age

A

Era when bronze was the primary metal for tools and weapons

40
Q

Pharaoh

A

Central figure in ancient Egyptian state, believed to be earthly manifestation of gods, had absolute power

42
Q

Ma’at

A

Egyptian term for divinely created and maintained order of the universe

45
Q

Pyramid

A

Large triangular stone monument used in Nubia and Egypt for tombs and kings

47
Q

Memphis

A

Capitol of Old Kingdom Egypt, near head of Nile Delta

49
Q

Thebes

A

Capitol city of Egypt and home of ruling dynasties during Middle and New Kingdoms

51
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

System of writing in which pictoral symbols represented sounds, syllables, and concepts, used in ancient Egypt, required long study, confined to scribes

53
Q

Papyrus

A

Reed that grows along banks of the Nile used to make earliest form of paper

55
Q

Mummy

A

Body preserved by chemicals or natural cirumstance, often because it is believed the dead will need a body for the afterlife, important in ancient Egypt

World History 1 (8 decks)

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