Chapter 1: Getting The Energy Your Body Needs

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

Something has energy if it has the ability to make something happen when that energy is transferred.

Question 2

What is respiration?

Answer 2

The process of living things in which oxygen is used to release the energy in food.

Question 3

What is glucose?

Answer 3

A simple sugar molecule

Question 4

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Respiration that involves oxygen

Question 5

What is reactant?

Answer 5

The starting substance in a chemical reaction

Question 6

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 6

The process by which energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used by green plants to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 7

What is a product?

Answer 7

A substance formed from a chemical reaction

Question 8

What is germinating?

Answer 8

Beginning to grow into a plant from a seed

Question 9

What is mitochondria?

Answer 9

The structure in a cell that produce energy

Question 10

What is the membrane?

Answer 10

The layer around the cell that control substances entering and leaving the cell.

Question 11

What are enzymes?

Answer 11

A substance that enables a chemical process in a living organism

Question 12

What is a digestive system?

Answer 12

A group of organs that together enable the digestion of food

Question 13

What is the breathing system?

Answer 13

Takes oxygen into the body and passes carbon dioxide out

Question 14

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 14

The heart and blood vessels that transport essential substances around the body in blood

Question 15

What is a phloem?

Answer 15

A tissue made up of long tubes that transport glucose essential substances around the body in blood

Question 16

What is stomata?

Answer 16

Tiny pores on the underneath surface of a leaf through which gases can move in and out

Question 17

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 17

Respiration without using oxygen

Question 18

What is lactic acid?

Answer 18

A substance produced in anaerobic respiration which builds during exercise and causes an aching or burnin feeling in the muscles

Question 19

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 19

The oxygen needed to break down lactic acid produced as a result of vigorous exercise and causes an aching or burning feeling in the muscles

Question 20

What is glycogen?

Answer 20

A storage molecule formed from a chain of glucose units and often stored in the liver

Question 21

What is fermentation?

Answer 21

Type of anaerobic respiration that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 22

What is microbe?

Answer 22

Tiny organisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses that can only be seen by a microscope

Question 23

What is yeast?

Answer 23

A unicellular (single called) fungus

Question 24

What is brewing?

Answer 24

Cereal grains are soaked in water and fermented with yeast

Question 25

What is fossil fuel?

Answer 25

Coal, natural gas and oil that were formed from the compressed remains of plants and other organisms that died millions of years ago

Question 26

What is independent variable?

Answer 26

A variable in an experiment that affects the outcome and is changed

Question 27

What is dependent variable?

Answer 27

The variable that is measured in an investigation

Question 28

What is catalyst?

Answer 28

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 29

What is bone?

Answer 29

Made of hard minerals like calcium on the outside and marrow inside surrounded by a spongy layer

Question 30

What is skeleton?

Answer 30

All the bones of the body

Question 31

What is calcium?

Answer 31

A hard mineral found in bone

Question 32

What is marrow?

Answer 32

A soft substance in the middle of bone which makes blood cells

Question 33

What is support?

Answer 33

When the skeleton is attached to muscles so that movement is possible

Question 34

What are blood cells?

Answer 34

White and red types are found in the blood together with plasma and platelets

Question 35

What is a joint?

Answer 35

The point where two bones meet which allows movement

Question 36

What is a cartilage?

Answer 36

Firm rubbery tissue that can cushion bones at joints

Question 37

What is a ligament?

Answer 37

Stretchy collagen fibres which link bone to bone

Question 38

What is a muscle?

Answer 38

A tissue made up of many fibres that have the ability to contract

Question 39

What is a tendon?

Answer 39

Non-elastic collagen fibres attaching muscle to bone

Question 40

What is meant by contracted?

Answer 40

When a muscle has become shorter and fatter

Question 41

What is meant by relaxed?

Answer 41

When a muscle has become longer and thinner

Question 42

What is force?

Answer 42

A push, pull or turning effect

Question 43

What is Newton (N)?

Answer 43

A unit of force

Question 44

What is electromyography (EMG)?

Answer 44

A medical test to check that muscles are working

Question 45

What is anabolic steroid?

Answer 45

A drug that increases muscle mass

Question 46

What is antagonistic muscles?

Answer 46

Pairs of muscles that act against each other

Question 47

What is bicep?

Answer 47

A muscle in the upper arm which contracts to straighten the arm

Question 48

What is tricep?

Answer 48

A muscle in the upper arm which contracts to straighten the arm

Question 49

What is a quadricep?

Answer 49

A muscle in the thigh

Question 50

What is the skeletal system?

Answer 50

The skeleton, ligaments, skeletal muscle and tendons

Question 51

What is a fracture?

Answer 51

A broken bone

Question 52

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 52

A disease where the density of bone falls leaving them fragile and prone to fracture

Question 53

What is arthritis?

Answer 53

A painful disease of the joints