Chapter 1: Growth & Development (w1)

Question 1

Orthodontics deal with

Answer 1

1. Esthetics
2. Function
3. Stability of treatment
4. Results

Question 2

Classes of malocclusion

Answer 2

1. Spacing
2. Crowding
3. Open bite
4. Deep bite
5. Class I
6. Class II

Question 3

What are the phases of treatment?

Answer 3

1. Interception
2. Prevention
3. Corrective

Question 4

Define growth

Answer 4

It’s the proof that change occurs as a function of time (could be +ve or -ve, increasing or decreasing)

Question 5

Define growth changes

Answer 5

Change in size, shape, position of structure

Question 6

Define growth increment

Answer 6

Amount of growth per unit time

Question 7

Define growth spurt

Answer 7

• sudden period of accelerated growth
• seen at puberty
• greater amount of growth per unit time than before or after spurt

Question 8

Define differential growth

Answer 8

Different growth rate or time of various parts of an organ

Question 9

Define development

Answer 9

Increase in complexity of a function

Question 10

Growth and development can grow…

A. Simultaneously and dependently
B. Simultaneously and independently
C. Singly and dependently
D. Singly and independently

Answer 10

B. Simultaneously and independently

Question 11

Why do we assess growth?

Answer 11

1. Determine optimum time for treatment (growth modification and surgery)
2. Determine amount of growth left
3. Determine type of growth

Question 12

What is growth modification?

Answer 12

• Attempt to change skeletal relationships
• by using the remaining growth
• to alter the size or position of jaws

Question 13

A 6 years old brain is …. of an adult brain and that is …. (Growth/ development)

Answer 13

A. 90%

B. Growth

Question 14

What are the features of facial growth?

Answer 14

1. Timing of growth changes
2. Growth rate throughout the body
3. Growth patterns
4. Growth variability

Question 15

Cephaloclaudal gradient of growth shows…

Answer 15

Normal growth pattern

Question 16

Complete:
Head takes up to ….% in:
A. Fetal life ….
B. At birth ….
C. Adult ….

Answer 16

A. 50%
B. 30%
C. 12%

Question 17

The closer the structure from the brain the… it grows

1. Faster
2. Slower
3. Steady
4. None of the above

Answer 17

1. Faster

Question 18

Patterns can be ….

1. Predictable
2. Repeatable
3. Unpredictable
4. Predictable and repeatable

Answer 18

4. Predictable and repeatable

Question 19

What did scammon do?

Answer 19

Illustrated 4 types of growth changes in organs in relation to adult weight as 100%

1. Somatic (general) type of growth
2. Neural growth
3. Lymphatic growth
4. Genital growth

Question 20

What is the shape of the somatic (general) curve

Answer 20

S shaped

Question 21

How many grow spurts does a human being have?

Answer 21

2 growth spurts

Question 22

When do the growth spurts occur in general growth?

Answer 22

0-4 years

At puberty:
Girls -> 11-13
Boys -> 13-15

Question 23

When does growth stop?

Answer 23

Decelerates and stop at 19-20 years

Question 24

Which structures does the neural growth include?

Answer 24

Brain and its parts:
Dura
Spinal chord
Optic apparatus

Question 25

Describe the growth and development of neural structures

Answer 25

Growth: rapidly in prenatal and early postnatal periods and reach 90% at the age of 6. Development: takes long time to develop

Question 26

When do the growth spurts occur in neural growth?

Answer 26

There is no evidence of growth spurts in neural growth

Question 27

What makes the lymphatic growth special?

Answer 27

It has positive and negative growth

Question 28

What are the lymphatic structures?

Answer 28

Thymus and lymph nodes

Question 29

Describe the lymphatic growth curve

Answer 29

Grows rapidly Enlarge at 11-12 years Then declines

Question 30

Describe the curve of genital growth

Answer 30

Primary and secondary sex organs remain small until puberty Then grow rapidly to their final adult size

Question 31

What is the growth variability curve?

Answer 31

Absolute curve for plotting growth

Question 32

What are the variability charts used for?

Answer 32

To determine whether the child’s growth is NORMAL or abnormal To follow a child over a period of time to evaluate whether there is UNEXPECTED change in growth or not.

Question 33

Where does variability arise from?

Answer 33

1. Normal variation 2. Environmental variation (ex: severe illness) 3. Time effects

Question 34

Major concept in growth and development is….

Answer 34

Time

Question 35

Why is knowledge of facial growth, velocity & percentage remaining is important?

Answer 35

For effective growth modification interventions

Question 36

Why is understanding % of growth remaining after completion of ortho treatment is important?

Answer 36

To predict post treatment rebound

Question 37

According to scammon, maxilla and mandible follow the…. Type of growth curve 1. Somatic (general) 2. Genital 3. Neural 4. Lymphatic

Answer 37

1. Somatic (general)

Question 38

In a growing skull ….. & …… growths are seen

Answer 38

Somatic and neural

Question 39

A child who falls out of ….% of population should receive a special study

Answer 39

97%