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Orthodontics > Chapter 1: Growth & Development (w1) > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Growth & Development (w1) Flashcards

1
Q

Orthodontics deal with

A
  1. Esthetics
  2. Function
  3. Stability of treatment
  4. Results
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2
Q

Classes of malocclusion

A
  1. Spacing
  2. Crowding
  3. Open bite
  4. Deep bite
  5. Class I
  6. Class II
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3
Q

What are the phases of treatment?

A
  1. Interception
  2. Prevention
  3. Corrective
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4
Q

Define growth

A

It’s the proof that change occurs as a function of time (could be +ve or -ve, increasing or decreasing)

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5
Q

Define growth changes

A

Change in size, shape, position of structure

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6
Q

Define growth increment

A

Amount of growth per unit time

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7
Q

Define growth spurt

A
  • sudden period of accelerated growth
  • seen at puberty
  • greater amount of growth per unit time than before or after spurt
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8
Q

Define differential growth

A

Different growth rate or time of various parts of an organ

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9
Q

Define development

A

Increase in complexity of a function

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10
Q

Growth and development can grow…

A. Simultaneously and dependently
B. Simultaneously and independently
C. Singly and dependently
D. Singly and independently

A

B. Simultaneously and independently

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11
Q

Why do we assess growth?

A
  1. Determine optimum time for treatment (growth modification and surgery)
  2. Determine amount of growth left
  3. Determine type of growth
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12
Q

What is growth modification?

A
  • Attempt to change skeletal relationships
  • by using the remaining growth
  • to alter the size or position of jaws
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13
Q

A 6 years old brain is …. of an adult brain and that is …. (Growth/ development)

A

A. 90%

B. Growth

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14
Q

What are the features of facial growth?

A
  1. Timing of growth changes
  2. Growth rate throughout the body
  3. Growth patterns
  4. Growth variability
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15
Q

Cephaloclaudal gradient of growth shows…

A

Normal growth pattern

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16
Q 
Complete:
Head takes up to ….% in:
A. Fetal life ….
B. At birth ….
C. Adult ….
A

A. 50%
B. 30%
C. 12%

17
Q

The closer the structure from the brain the… it grows

  1. Faster
  2. Slower
  3. Steady
  4. None of the above
A
  1. Faster
18
Q

Patterns can be ….

  1. Predictable
  2. Repeatable
  3. Unpredictable
  4. Predictable and repeatable
A
  1. Predictable and repeatable
19
Q

What did scammon do?

A

Illustrated 4 types of growth changes in organs in relation to adult weight as 100%

  1. Somatic (general) type of growth
  2. Neural growth
  3. Lymphatic growth
  4. Genital growth
20
Q

What is the shape of the somatic (general) curve

A

S shaped

21
Q

How many grow spurts does a human being have?

A

2 growth spurts

22
Q

When do the growth spurts occur in general growth?

A

0-4 years

At puberty:
Girls -> 11-13
Boys -> 13-15

23
Q

When does growth stop?

A

Decelerates and stop at 19-20 years

24
Q

Which structures does the neural growth include?

A

Brain and its parts:
Dura
Spinal chord
Optic apparatus

25
Q

Describe the growth and development of neural structures

A

Growth: rapidly in prenatal and early postnatal periods and reach 90% at the age of 6.

Development: takes long time to develop

26
Q

When do the growth spurts occur in neural growth?

A

There is no evidence of growth spurts in neural growth

27
Q

What makes the lymphatic growth special?

A

It has positive and negative growth

28
Q

What are the lymphatic structures?

A

Thymus and lymph nodes

29
Q

Describe the lymphatic growth curve

A

Grows rapidly
Enlarge at 11-12 years
Then declines

30
Q

Describe the curve of genital growth

A

Primary and secondary sex organs remain small until puberty

Then grow rapidly to their final adult size

31
Q

What is the growth variability curve?

A

Absolute curve for plotting growth

32
Q

What are the variability charts used for?

A

To determine whether the child’s growth is NORMAL or abnormal

To follow a child over a period of time to evaluate whether there is UNEXPECTED change in growth or not.

33
Q

Where does variability arise from?

A
  1. Normal variation
  2. Environmental variation (ex: severe illness)
  3. Time effects
34
Q

Major concept in growth and development is….

A

Time

35
Q

Why is knowledge of facial growth, velocity & percentage remaining is important?

A

For effective growth modification interventions

36
Q

Why is understanding % of growth remaining after completion of ortho treatment is important?

A

To predict post treatment rebound

37
Q

According to scammon, maxilla and mandible follow the…. Type of growth curve

  1. Somatic (general)
  2. Genital
  3. Neural
  4. Lymphatic
A
  1. Somatic (general)
38
Q

In a growing skull ….. & …… growths are seen

A

Somatic and neural

39
Q

A child who falls out of ….% of population should receive a special study

A

97%

Orthodontics (2 decks)

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