Chapter 1 (historical Context)

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

Psychological dysfunction with distress or impairment that is not a typical social response

Question 2

Phobia

Answer 2

Psychological disorder that is characterized by regular fear of an object or situation

Question 3

Abnormal behavior

Answer 3

Actions that differ from the norm and are unexpected

Question 4

Psychopathology

Answer 4

Study of psychological disorders

Question 5

Science-practitioners

Answer 5

A scientific mental health professional (research, diagnoses, etc)

Question 6

Clinical description

Answer 6

Details of symptoms that make up a disorder

Question 7

Prevalence

Answer 7

Number of people with a disorder at one time

Question 8

Incidence

Answer 8

Number of new cases over time

Question 9

Course

Answer 9

Pattern of development of disorder over time

Question 10

Prognosis

Answer 10

Predicted development of a disorder over time

Question 11

Etiology

Answer 11

Course or source of a disorder

Question 12

Exorcism

Answer 12

Religious ritual to remove demon or spirits

Question 13

Psychosocial treatment

Answer 13

Treatment practices that focus on social and psychological factors

Question 14

Moral therapy

Answer 14

Treating patients as normally as possible (19th century)

Question 15

Mental hygiene movement

Answer 15

Attempt to improve care in mid 19th century by informing public of mistreatment

Question 16

Psychoanalysis

Answer 16

Freud’s unconscious and conflict theories

Question 17

Behaviorism

Answer 17

Explaining behavior through learning and adaptation

Question 18

Unconscious

Answer 18

The cognition outside of a persons awareness

Question 19

Catharsis

Answer 19

Release of emotional tension

Question 20

Psychoanalytic model

Answer 20

Complex model that seeks to understand development of personality and where abnormal behavior is from

Question 21

Id

Answer 21

Unconscious, basic drives

Question 22

Ego

Answer 22

Balances id with reality

Question 23

Superego

Answer 23

Morals

Question 24

Interpsychic conflicts

Answer 24

Struggle of Id,Ego, and Superego

Question 25

Defense mechanisms

Answer 25

Common pattern of behavior to cope with a situation, associated with the Ego (Freud)

Question 26

Psychosexual stages

Answer 26

Freud’s stages of development

Question 27

Castration anxiety

Answer 27

Fear in boys of being genitally mutilated because of their lust for their mother

Question 28

Neurosis

Answer 28

Obsolete term for a disorder that results from unconscious conflict and the subsequent anxiety

Question 29

Ego Psychology

Answer 29

Psychoanalytic theory that emphasizes the ego in development and psychological disorders as a failure of the ego (also self-psychology)

Question 30

Object relations

Answer 30

Modern development in psychodynamic theory about memory incorporation of children

Question 31

Collective unconscious

Answer 31

Accumulative wisdom across generations, theory by Carl Jung

Question 32

Free association

Answer 32

Psychoanalytic theory to explore unconscious, uncensored thought

Question 33

Dream analysis

Answer 33

Freudian unconscious observation theory (symbolism of id conflicts

Question 34

Psychoanalyst

Answer 34

Someone trained in psychotherapy (MD or PHD)

Question 35

Transference

Answer 35

Psychoanalytic concept suggesting clients may seek to relate therapist the same way they relate to other authorities

Question 36

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 36

Contemporary psychoanalysis that emphasizes unconscious processes and conflicts

Question 37

Self actualization

Answer 37

Humanistic theory of reaching highest potential

Question 38

Person-centered therapy

Answer 38

Client leads therapy

Question 39

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 39

Counselor acceptance without judgement

Question 40

Behavioral model

Answer 40

Explanation of behavior by learning and adaptation

Question 41

Classical conditioning

Answer 41

Conditioned stimulus and learning (pavlovs dogs)

Question 42

Extinction

Answer 42

When a conditioned behavior lessens or is unpaired

Question 43

Introspection

Answer 43

Nonscientific psychology approach of attempting to report emotions and thoughts

Question 44

Systematic desensitization

Answer 44

Remove excessive fear through repeated exposure

Question 45

Behavior therapy

Answer 45

Therapy based in cognitive science to target behavior rather than causes

Question 46

Reinforcement (operant conditioning)

Answer 46

Strengthening a behavior.

Question 47

Shaping (operant conditioning)

Answer 47

Developing new responses through similar responses

Question 48

Agonist

Answer 48

Make NT more available

Question 49

Antagonist

Answer 49

Make NT less available