Chapter 1: Human Body Orientation

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of body structure

Question 2

Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

large, visible parts

Question 3

-Regional

Answer 3

all structures in one part of the body

Question 4

-Systemic

Answer 4

gross anatomy of the body studied by system

Question 5

-Surface

Answer 5

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

Question 6

Cytology

Answer 6

study of the cell

Question 7

Histology

Answer 7

study of tissues

Question 8

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 8

The study of the structure of cells, tissues, and organs of the body as seen with a microscope.

Question 9

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 9

Traces structural changes throughout life

Question 10

-Embryology

Answer 10

study of developmental changes of the body before birth

Question 11

Pathological anatomy

Answer 11

study of structural changes caused by disease

Question 12

Radiographic anatomy

Answer 12

study of internal structures visualized by specialized scanning procedures
Ex.X-ray, MRI, CT scans

Question 13

Physiology

Answer 13

1 ) study of function of body

2 ) some physics as well, electricity, force generation

Question 14

Molecular biology

Answer 14

study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level

Question 15

-Renal

Answer 15

kidney fuction

Question 16

-Neurophysiology

Answer 16

workings of the nervous system

Question 17

-Cardiovascular

Answer 17

operation of the heart and blood vessels

Question 18

-Chemical

Answer 18

atoms combined to form molecules

Question 19

-Cellular

Answer 19

cells are made of molecules

Question 20

-Tissue

Answer 20

consists of similar types of cells

Question 21

-Organ

Answer 21

made up of different types of tissues

Question 22

-Organ system

Answer 22

consists of different organs that work closely together

Question 23

-Organismal

Answer 23

made up of the organ system

Question 24

The integumentary system

Answer 24

protects the body from the external environment (skin)

Question 25

Digestive and respiratory systems

Answer 25

in contact with the external environment, take in nutrients and oxygen (food and air)

Question 26

Cardovascular system

Answer 26

transports blood carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes (blood)

Question 27

Skeletal system

Answer 27

bones that give body framework (bones)

Question 28

Muscular system

Answer 28

permits body parts to move

Question 29

Lympathic system

Answer 29

returns liquid to blood, provides immunity

Question 30

Nervous system

Answer 30

brain and control

Question 31

Endocrine system

Answer 31

hormonal control

Question 32

Urinary system

Answer 32

removes waste

Question 33

Reproductive system

Answer 33

Male or Female, produce new humans

Question 34

Maintaining boundaries

Answer 34

the internal environment remains distinct from the external environment

Question 35

(Maintaining boundaries) -Cellular level

Answer 35

accomplished by plasma membranes

Question 36

(Maintaining boundaries) -Organismal level

Answer 36

accomplished by the skin

Question 37

Movement

Answer 37

locomotion, propulsion (peristalsis), and contractility

Question 38

Responsiveness

Answer 38

ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

Question 39

Digestion

Answer 39

breakdown of ingested food

Question 40

Metabolism

Answer 40

all the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 41

Excretion

Answer 41

removal of wastes from the body

Question 42

(Reproduction) -Cellular

Answer 42

an orginal cell divides and produces two identical daughter cell

Question 43

(Reproduction) -Organismal

Answer 43

sperm and egg divides and produces two identical daughter cells

Question 44

Growth

Answer 44

increase in size of a body part or of the organism

Question 45

(Survival Needs) -Nutrients

Answer 45

needed for energy and cell building

Question 46

(Survival Needs) -Oxygen

Answer 46

necessary for metabolic reactions

Question 47

(Survival Needs) -Water

Answer 47

provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions

Question 48

(Survival Needs) -Normal body temperature

Answer 48

necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life- sustaining rates

Question 49

(Survival Needs) -Atmosperic pressure

Answer 49

required for proper breathing and gas exchange in the lungs

Question 50

Homeostasis

Answer 50

ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world

Question 51

-Receptor

Answer 51

monitors the environments and responds to changes

Question 52

-Control center

Answer 52

determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

Question 53

-Effector

Answer 53

provides the means to respond to stimuli

Question 54

Negative feedback

Answer 54

furnace controls house temperature

Question 55

Positive feedback

Answer 55

output enhances original stimulus(blood clotting)

Question 56

Homeostatic Imbalance

Answer 56

1 ) Disturbance of homeostasis or the body's normal equilibrium 2 ) Overwhelming the usual negative feedback mechanisms allows destructive positive feedback mechanisms to talk over