Chapter 1: Information representation Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is Denary?
A base-10 number system that uses one of the symbols from 0-9 for each denary digit
What is Binary?
A base-2 number system that uses the symbols 0 and 1 to represent a binary digit. 1 binary digit is called a bit.
What is Hexadecimal?
A base-16 number system that uses one of the symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent a hexadecimal digit. A-F is 10-15
What is a bit?
A digit in the binary number system written using either of the symbols 0 and 1.
What is a byte?
A group of 8 bits treated as a single unit.
What is a nibble?
A group of 4 bits.
What are the decimal prefixes from smallest to largest? (and their value)
kilo , mega , giga , tera. (10³ , 10⁶ , 10⁹ , 10¹² )
What is one’s complement?
The binary number obtained by subtracting each digit in a binary number from 1. (0 and 1 are switched)
What is two’s complement?
The one’s complement of a binary number, plus 1.
How to convert two’s complement into denary?
Let the MSB be negative and all the digits to the right are added as positive numbers.
What are the rules for binary addition?
0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 1 = 10 (carry 1 over)
1 + 1 + 1 = 11(carry 1 over)
What is overflow?
A condition when the result of a calculation is too large to fit into the number of bits defined for storage.
Why overflow occurs in binary addition/subtraction?
- The answer cannot be represented in the number of bits available.
- The answer is larger than the maximum positive number that can be stored in the register
- The answer is smaller than the most negative number that can be stored in the register
What is Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)?
Storage of a binary value representing one denary digit in a nibble.
What is packed BCD?
When two BCD nibbles are stored in one byte.
What is the correction nibble in BCD addition?
0110 is added to the least significant nibble.
What are the 3 character sets?
ASCII, Extended ASCII and Unicode
Describe ASCII
- uses 7 bits per character // represents 128 characters // represents all characters from the Latin alphabet.
Describe Extended ASCII
- uses 8 bits per character // represents 256 characters
Describe Unicode
- uses 16/32 bits per character // represents 65536+ characters // represents all characters in all languages
What is a Vector graphic?
A graphic consisting of drawing objects defined in a drawing list.
What is a drawing object?
A component defined by geometric formulae and associated properties.
What is a drawing list?
