Chapter 1 Intro

Question 1

Herophilus

Answer 1

Father of Anatomy

Question 2

Andreas Vesalius

Answer 2

Father of Modern Anatomy

Question 3

types of Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 3

cytology and histology

Question 4

Cytology

Answer 4

study of cells

Question 5

Histology

Answer 5

study of tissues

Question 6

types of Gross Anatomy

Answer 6

Surface, clinical, and surgical

Question 7

Surface anatomy

Answer 7

superficial anatomical markings & relationship to deeper structures

Question 8

Clinical anatomy

Answer 8

changes during illnesses

Question 9

Surgical anatomy

Answer 9

landmarks for surgical procedures

Question 10

Developmental anatomy

Answer 10

changes over time

Question 11

Comparative anatomy

Answer 11

(homology) anatomical similarities & differences between types of animals typically vertebrates

Question 12

Synapomorphies

Answer 12

shared derived traits; all members of a group have that trait

Question 13

Vertebrate synapomorphies

Answer 13

dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, post-anal tail, pharyngeal arches

Question 14

hypertrophy

Answer 14

increase in size of cells

Question 15

hyperplasia

Answer 15

increase in number of cells

Question 16

differentiation

Answer 16

cells with particular functions

Question 17

Anabolism

Answer 17

synthesis of complex molecules

Question 18

Catabolism

Answer 18

breakdown of complex molecules

Question 19

Absorption

Answer 19

process of bringing material into body

Question 20

Respiration

Answer 20

absorption, transport, & use of oxygen

Question 21

Excretion

Answer 21

removal of waste, CO2, excess ions

Question 22

The Integumentary System

Answer 22

protects against external environment; thermoregulation and sensory

Question 23

The Skeletal System

Answer 23

support & protection; immunity, storage of Ca+, and feeding

Question 24

The Muscular System

Answer 24

locomotion; thermoregulation & storage of amino acids

Question 25

The Nervous System

Answer 25

Relays/processes info for homeostasis & senses; hormones

Question 26

The Endocrine System

Answer 26

chronic homeostasis; allows for reproduction; hormones

Question 27

The Cardiovascular system

Answer 27

transport of gasses & nutrients; thermoregulation, pH balance, immune function, & endocrine function

Question 28

The Lymphatic system

Answer 28

Immune function & water balance; aids in absorption of nutrients

Question 29

The respiratory system

Answer 29

gas exchange & pH balance; water balance

Question 30

The Digestive system

Answer 30

Digestion & absorption of nutrients; water absorption; removes waste from blood & immune function

Question 31

The Urinary system

Answer 31

filters blood of excess, waste, ions, & solutes; pH & water balances; endocrine function

Question 32

The Reproductive System

Answer 32

only w/o primary homeostatic role; secondary sex characteristics

Question 33

Anatomical position

Answer 33

-standing with feet flat on floor -hands are at side -palms are facing forward (anterior)

Question 34

supine

Answer 34

lying face up

Question 35

prone

Answer 35

lying face down

Question 36

proximal

Answer 36

toward an attached base

Question 37

lateral

Answer 37

away from the midline

Question 38

medial

Answer 38

toward the midline

Question 39

distal

Answer 39

away from attached base

Question 40

Inferior/caudal

Answer 40

toward the tail

Question 41

Posterior/dorsal

Answer 41

the back; behind

Question 42

deep

Answer 42

toward the interior of the body; farther from the surface

Question 43

superficial

Answer 43

at, near, or relatively close to the body surface

Question 44

superior

Answer 44

above; at a higher level

Question 45

cranial

Answer 45

toward the head

Question 46

anterior/ventral

Answer 46

the front; the abdominal side

Question 47

thoracic cavity

Answer 47

surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm

Question 48

left plural cavity

Answer 48

surrounds left lung

Question 49

mediastinum

Answer 49

contains the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels

Question 50

pericardial cavity

Answer 50

surrounds heart

Question 51

right pleural cavity

Answer 51

surrounds right lung

Question 52

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 52

contains the peritoneal cavity

Question 53

abdominal cavity

Answer 53

contains many digestive glands and organs

Question 54

pelvic cavity

Answer 54

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract

Question 55

serous membranes

Answer 55

provide lubrication to organs (2 parts: visceral and parietal)

Question 56

visceral pleura

Answer 56

contact with lungs

Question 57

parietal pleura

Answer 57

lines cavity

Question 58

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Answer 58

contact with heart

Question 59

parietal layer of serous pericardium

Answer 59

lines cavity

Question 60

visceral peritoneum

Answer 60

contact with abdominal organs

Question 61

parietal peritoneum

Answer 61

lines cavity

Question 62

mesenteries

Answer 62

double sheets of peritoneum