Chapter 1 (Intro)

Question 1

What is genetic code?

Answer 1

Building proteins is nearly universal throughout all life on earth

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

Stretch of DNA that encodes a protein or RNA molecule

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

Stretch of DNA with some function

Question 4

Molecular expression of hereditary material (RNA

Answer 4

proteins)

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

Total DNA of an organism

Question 6

How many possible 64 triplets for possible amino acids?

Answer 6

20

Question 7

Who first sequence peptides?

Answer 7

Frederick Sanger

Question 8

When was the first gene sequenced?

Answer 8

1972

Question 9

What is Diploid?

Answer 9

A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes

Question 10

How many pairs of autosomes/pairs of sex chromosomes in Diploid

Answer 10

22 pairs of autosomes, 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 11

Mendel’s Law of Inheritance
is by?

Answer 11

William Bateson

Question 12

Who created DNA as the material of heredity?

Answer 12

Hershey and Chase

Question 13

Who created the structure of DNA?

Answer 13

Watson, Crick, Franklin

Question 14

Who created genes on chromosomes?

Answer 14

Thomas Hunt Morgan and Thedosius D.

Question 15

The 4 nitrogenous bases are.

Answer 15

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

Question 16

The 3 nucleotide compounds are:

Answer 16

1. Phosphate Group
2. Deoxyribose Sugar
3. Nitrogenous Base

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE:

DNA is composed of two linear polymers twisted together in a triple helix.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

True or False:

The genetic code is universal and consists of triplets of nucleotides that code for amino acids.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

In eukaryotes, which sequences are typically translated into proteins?

Answer 19

Exons

Question 20

How many pairs of autosomes are found in the diploid human genome?

Answer 20

22

Question 21

Haploid number (n) is?

Answer 21

23

Question 22

True or False: The haploid number (n) of chromosomes in humans is 46.

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

Diploid number (2n) is?

Answer 23

46

Question 24

What is the approximate number of protein-coding genes in the human genome?

Answer 24

20,500

Question 25

Which of the following describes orthologs? A) Genes in the same species with a shared evolutionary history B) Genes in different species with a shared evolutionary history C) Genes that are nonfunctional D) Genes that have undergone large-scale rearrangements

Answer 25

Genes in different species with a shared evolutionary history

Question 26

What are Orthologs?

Answer 26

Genes in different species with a shared evolutionary history

Question 27

What are Paralogs?

Answer 27

Genes in the same species with a shared evolutionary history

Question 28

Phylogenetics are?

Answer 28

Studying evolution through DNA (and protein) sequences

Question 29

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance

Answer 29

Fundamental laws explaining how traits are passed from one generation to the next.

Question 30

Central Dogma

Answer 30

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Question 31

E. coli

Answer 31

Genome size ~4.6Mb

Question 32

Genome Evolution:

Answer 32

Mutation, gene duplication, and genome rearrangements drive evolutionary changes.

Question 33

Molecular Clock

Answer 33

Measures evolutionary divergence through DNA mutations.