Chapter 1-Intro To A & P

Question 0

Physiology

Answer 0

Study of function of body parts. Studies mostly by experimentation.

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of structure. Mostly by examination or dissection.

Question 2

Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

The study of what we can see with our unaided eye.

Question 3

Subatomic Particles

Answer 3

Electrons, protons, neutrons

Question 4

Atoms

Answer 4

The smallest unit of an element. Examples: Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen.

Question 5

Molecules

Answer 5

More than one atom chemically bonded together. Example: oxygen, water.

Question 6

Macromolecules

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats (lipids), nucleic acids-DNA & RNA.

Question 7

Organelles

Answer 7

Have specific jobs within a cell. Examples: Golgi, mitochondria, nucleus, lysosomes.

Question 8

Cells

Answer 8

Basic unit of life. Example: nerve cell, mulch cell.

Question 9

Tissues

Answer 9

Cells + extra cellular matrix (ECM). Cells = grapes ECM = jelly

Question 10

Organs

Answer 10

More than one type of tissue. Heart, liver, lungs…..complex structures with specialized functions.

Question 11

Organ systems

Answer 11

Integumentary system, muscular system. Example: cardiovascular, endocrine, integumentary.

Question 12

Organism

Answer 12

Us.

Question 13

Characteristics of Life

Things Life Does

Answer 13

Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion.

Question 14

Metabolism

Answer 14

(as in I have a fast/slow metabolism. This is the sum total of all the chemical reactions in our body.
Chemical reactions change the bonds between atoms in molecules.

Question 15

Requirements of Organisms

Answer 15

1. Water 2. Foods 3. Oxygen 4. Heat 5. Pressure (atmospheric=breathing/hydrostatic=circulatory system)

Question 16

Vital Signs

Answer 16

Signs of life. Example: heart rate, blood pressure, temperature.

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment. Example: temperature, ph acid/base.
Basically all physiological goals are to maintain the same internal environment.

Question 18

How is homeostasis mostly maintained?

Answer 18

Through negative feedback, where the body changes to return to the set point.
Example: temperature

Question 19

Positive Feedback

Answer 19

Less common and needs to go to completion. Example: blood clotting, childbirth, peeing.

Question 20

Appendages

Answer 20

Legs and arms

Question 21

Axial

Answer 21

Everything except legs and arms. Axial region include head, neck and trunk.

Question 22

Cavities

Answer 22

Spaces: only found in the Axial region.

Question 23

Cranial Cavity

Answer 23

Houses the brain.

Question 24

Vertebral Cavity (Canal)

Answer 24

Contains the Spinal Cord

Question 25

Dorsal Cavities

Answer 25

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity.

Question 26

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 26

Lungs, mediastinum, heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus.

Question 27

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 27

Abdominal Cavity include stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestine, kidneys, pancreas.

Question 28

Ventral Body Cavities | Internal organs=viscera

Answer 28

Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, pelvic cavity.

Question 29

Diaphragm

Answer 29

Is a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 30

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 30

Anus, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs.

Question 31

Superior

Answer 31

Above | The thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 32

Inferior

Answer 32

Below | The neck is inferior to the head.

Question 33

Anterior

Answer 33

Front | The eyes are anterior to the brain.

Question 34

Posterior

Answer 34

Back (think butt) | The pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity.

Question 35

Dorsal

Answer 35

Back | Think shark, dorsal fin

Question 36

Ventral

Answer 36

Front

Question 37

Medial

Answer 37

Center (think middle) | The nose is medial to the eyes.

Question 38

Lateral

Answer 38

Side | The ears are lateral to the eyes.

Question 39

Cranial

Answer 39

Head

Question 40

Caudal

Answer 40

Tail (more for animals, but still applies)

Question 41

Proximal

Answer 41

Closer to trunk | The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Question 42

Distal

Answer 42

Farther from the trunk. (Distant) | The fingers are distant to the wrist.

Question 43

Superficial

Answer 43

Surface | The epidermis is the superficial layer of the skin.

Question 44

Deep

Answer 44

Internal | The dermis is the deep layer of the skin.