Chapter 1 - Intro to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(51 cards)
Chemical Level
Smallest level | Ranges from tiny atoms to complex chemical structures (molecules) composed of thousands of atoms
Cellular Level
Groups of many diff types of molecules combined in specific ways to form cellular structures
Tissue Level
2 or more cell types cooperate to perform common function | cells and surrounding extracellular matrix | vary from membrane sheets that cover body cavities to irregularly shaped cartilage in nose
Organ Level
2 or more tissue types combined to form organ | recognizable shape | performs specialized task
Organ System Level
2 or more organs together carry out broad function
Organism Level
Organ systems function together to make up working human body, an organism
Integumentary System
Hair, skin, nails | protects body from external enviroment
Skeletal System
Bones, joints | supports the body, protects internal organs, movement
Muscular System
Skeletal muscles | produces movement, controls body openings, generates hear
Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord, nerves | regulates body functions, provides for sensation/movement/function
Endocrine System
Glands, reproductive organs | regulates body functions, regulates function of muscles, glands, and tissues through secretion of hormones
Cardiovascular System
Blood vessels, heart | pumps dlivers 02 poor blood to lungs and 02 rich blood to the tissues
Lymphatic System
Tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen | returns excess tissue fluid to cardiovascular system, provides immunity
Respiratory System
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs | delivers 02 to the blood, removes carbon dioxide from the body
Digestive System
Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines | digests food, absorbs nutrients into the blood, removes food waste
Urinary System
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra | removes metabolic wastes from blood, maintains fluid/electrolyte/and acid-base balance
Reproductive systems
Testis, penis, uterus, vagina | produces/transports sperm/oocytes, secretes hormones, sexual function
Systemic Anatomy
Used in textbook and examines human body by individual organ systems
Regional Anatomy
Divides body into regions of study like the head and neck
Surface Anatomy
Studies surface markings of body
Gross Anatomy
Examines structures that can be seen with unaided eye
Microscopic Anatomy
Studies structures that can ONLY be seen with aid of microscope include histology (study of tissues) and cytology (study of cells)
Physiology
Subfields classified by organ/organ system being studied
Sagittal Plane
Divides body/body part into right/left sections
