Chapter 1: Intro To AP1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the study of life?
A
Biology
2
Q
What are the characteristics of life?
A
Responsiveness Adaptability Growth & reproduction Movement Respiration Circulation Digestion Excretion
3
Q
What is the study of cells?
A
Cytology
4
Q
What is the study of tissue?
A
Histology
5
Q
What is the study of function?
A
Physiology
6
Q
What is the study of the form of living things?
A
Anatomy
7
Q
The study of how cells fight off and defend against disease
A
Immunology
8
Q
The study of the function of the kidney in the production of urine?
A
Renal physiology
9
Q
Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels
A
Cardiovascular physiology
10
Q
The study of individual cells as they live out all activities that characterize the larger organism
A
Cell physiology
11
Q
What are the 5 levels of organization?
A
Chemical level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level
12
Q
What are the 11 organ systems?
A
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Respiratory Nervous Circulatory Lymphatic/ Immune Endocrine Urinary Digestive Reproductive
13
Q
Composed of skin, hair, and nails; external support and protection of the body and temperature regulation.
A
Integumentary system
14
Q
Composed of bones; internal support and flexible framework for body movement, forms blood cells, and stores minerals.
A
Skeletal system
15
Q
Composed of muscles attached to the skeleton.
A
Muscular system
16
Q
Locomotion, support, and body heat production.
A
Muscular system
17
Q
Composed of the lungs, trachea, larynx, and nasal passages
A
Respiratory system
18
Q
Exchange of respiratory gasses, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the air and circulating blood
A
Respiratory system
19
Q
Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
A
Nervous system
20
Q
Directs immediate response to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems.
A
Nervous system
21
Q
Composed of heart and blood vessels
A
Circulatory system
22
Q
Internal transport of nutrients and oxygen to body cells while wastes and carbon dioxide are transported away from blood cells.
A
Circulatory system
23
Q
Composed of the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow, and tonsils
A
Lymphatic/ Immune system
24
Q
Houses the immune system cells of the body , provides protection against infection and disease, transports tissue fluid (lymph) and absorbs fats.
A
Lymphatic/ Immune system
25
Composed of hormone secreting glands such as the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal, etc.
Endocrine system
26
Secretion of hormones that direct long-term changes in the activities of the other organ systems
Endocrine system
27
Composed of kidneys , uterus, urinary bladder, and urethra
Urinary system
28
Filters the blood to remove nitrogenous wastes , eliminates excess water , salts, and waste products, and controls pH and electrolyte balance.
Urinary system
29
Composed of salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, and gallbladder
Digestive system
30
Intake, breakdown, and absorption of food in order to acquire nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water and elementary feces.
Digestive system.
31
Composed of ovaries, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands in females and the testes , scrotum, prostate glands, seminal vesicles and penis in the male
Reproductive system
32
Production of sperm and egg as well as secretion of sex hormones and copulation.
Reproductive system
33
The state of equilibrium or balance
Homeostasis
34
Three components involved in homeostatic regulation
Receptor
Control center
Effector
35
Detects changes in either the internal or external environment, or stimulus
Receptor
36
Receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands
Control center
37
Responds to the commands by opposing the stimulus
Effector
38
Provides stability
Shuts off or reduces the original stimulus
Helps to stabilize situation; essential for maintaining homeostasis
Negative feedback mechanism
39
Accelerate a process to completion
Intensify or enhance of original stimuli
Amplify and reinforce a change brought on by the stimulus; not typically used for homeostasis
Positive feedback mechanisms
40
Arter-
Artery
41
A-
Without
42
Aer-
Air
43
-algia
Pain
44
Artho-
Joint
45
Auto-
Self
46
Bio-
Life
47
-blast
Germ; immature
48
Bronch-
Windpipe; airway
49
Cardi-, cardio-, -cardia
Heart
50
Cerebr-
Brain
51
Cervic-
Neck
52
Chondro-
Cartilage
53
Cranio-
Skull
54
Cyt-, cyto-
A hollow cell
55
Derm-
Skin
56
-ectomy
Excision
57
End-, endo-
Within
58
Epi-
On
59
Ex-
Out of, away from
60
Gastro-
Stomach
61
Hemo-
Blood
62
Histo-
Tissue
63
Homo-
Same
64
Hetero-
Different
65
Hyper-
Above; more than
66
Hypo-
Under; less than
67
Inter-
Between
68
Iso-
Equal
69
Leuk-, lueko-
White
70
Lyso-, -lysis, -lyze
To burst; to loosen
71
Meso-
Middle
72
Micr-
Small
73
Morph-, morpho-
Form or shape
74
Myo-
Muscle
75
Nephr-
Kidney
76
Neur-, neuri-, neuro-
Nerve
77
-ology
The study of
78
-osis
State
79
Ost-, oste-, osteo-
Bone
80
Oto-
Ear
81
Path-, -pathy, patho-
Disease
82
Peri-
Around
83
Phago-
To eat
84
-phil, -philia
Love
85
-phot, photo-
Light
86
Physio-
Nature
87
Pre-
Before
88
Pulmo-
Lung
89
Retro-
Backward
90
Sacro-
Flesh
91
Scler-, sclera-
Hard
92
-scope
To view
93
Sub-
Below
94
Super-
Above
95
-trophy
Nourishment
96
Vas-
Vessel
97
Anterior torso below diaphragm
Abdominal
98
Acromial
Point of shoulder
99
Antebrachial
Forearm
100
Antecubital
Front of elbow
101
Axillary
Armpit
102
Brachial
Arm
103
Buccal
Cheek
104
Calcaneal
Heel
105
Carpal
Wrist
106
Cephalic
Head
107
Cervical
Neck
108
Costal
Rib
109
Coxal
Hip
110
Cranial
Skull
111
Crural
Leg
112
Cubital or Olecranal
Back of elbow
113
Cutaneous
Skin
114
Digital
Fingers or toes
115
Dorsum or Dorsal
Back
116
Epigastric
Upper middle area of abdomen
117
Facial
Face
118
Femoral
Thigh
119
Fibular
Side of leg
120
Gluteal
Buttock
121
Hallux
Great toe
122
Inguinal
Groin
123
Lumbar or loin
Lower back
124
Mammary
Breast
125
Manus
Hand
126
Mastoid
Below and behind ear
127
Mental
Chin
128
Nasal
Nose
129
Occipital
Back of lower skull
130
Olecranal
Back of elbow
131
Oral
Mouth
132
Orbital or ocular
Eye
133
Otic or auris
Ear
134
Palmar
Palm of hand
135
Patellar
Knee cap
136
Pectoral
Chest
137
Pedal or Pes
Foot
138
Pelvis
Lower torso
139
Perineal
Area between anus and genital
140
Phalangeal
Fingers or toes
141
Plantar
Sole of foot
142
Pollex
Thumb
143
Popliteal
Behind knee
144
Pubis
Pubic region
145
Sacral
Between hips
146
Scapular
Shoulder blade
147
Sternal
Breastbone
148
Sural
Calf
149
Supraclavicular
Above collar bone
150
Tarsal
Ankle
151
Temporal
Side of skull
152
Thoracic
Chest
153
Umbilical
Area around umbilicus
154
Vertebral
Spinal column
155
Volar
Palm or sole
156
Which quadrant contains liver?
Right upper quadrant
157
Which quadrant contains the stomach and spleen
Left upper quadrant
158
Which quadrant contains descending colon
Left lower quadrant
159
Which quadrant contains the cecum and ascending colon
Right lower quadrant
160
Centermost region deep to and surrounding the navel
Umbilical
161
Superior to the umbilical region
Epigastric
162
Located inferior to the umbilical region
Hypogastric
163
Flanks the epigastric region laterally
Right and left hypochondriac
164
Lies lateral to the umbilical region
Right and left lumbar
165
Lateral to the hypogastric region
Right and left iliac (inguinal)
166
Above; toward the head end or upper part of the structure or body
Superior (cranial)
167
Below; away from the head end or toward the lower part of the structure or body
Inferior (caudal)
168
Toward or at the front of the body
Anterior (ventral)
169
Toward or at the back of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
170
Toward or at the longitudinal axis of the body
Lateral
171
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Intermediate
172
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Proximal
173
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment
Distal
174
Toward or at the body surface
Superficial (external)
175
Away from the body surface; more internal
Deep (internal)
176
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal
177
The plane dividing the body exactly in the midline
Midsagittal (median)
178
All other sagittal planes offset from the midline
Parasagittal
179
Any plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal (coronal)
180
A plane dividing the body into superior and inferior positions
Transverse (horizontal)
181
Cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes
Oblique
182
Dorsal body cavity is composed of what 2 smaller cavities?
Cranial cavity
| Vertebral cavity
183
Houses internal organs of the body collectively called the viscera or "guts".
Ventral body cavity (coelom)
184
The ventral body cavity is divided into what two smaller cavities?
Thoracic cavity
| Abdominopelvic cavity
185
Viscera
Guts
186
Right and left; contains the lungs
Pleural cavity
187
Space between the pleural cavities; containing the thymus, lymph vessels, esophagus, trachea, and nerves.
Mediastinum
188
Embedded within the mediastinum & Houses the heart
Pericardial cavity
189
2 parts of the Thoracic cavity?
Pleural cavity
| Mediastinum
190
2 parts of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Abdominal cavity
| Pelvic cavity
191
Contains digestive organs
Abdominal cavity
192
Contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Pelvic cavity
193
Secrete a watery, lubricating fluid that line the dorsal and ventral body cavities
Serous membranes
194
Line the dorsal body cavity
Meninges
195
Line he pleural cavity
Pleura
196
Lines the pericardial cavity
Pericardium
197
Line the abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
198
The passage of air into the respiratory tract
Nasal cavity
199
Area of the skull that houses the eye
Orbital cavity
200
Contains the ossicles
Middle ear cavity
201
Are joint cavities filled with synovial fluid
Synovial cavity
202
The presence of a stable internal environment
Homeostasis
