Chapter 1: Intro to Human Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy
A
branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts
2
Q
Physiology
A
branch of science that studies body functions
3
Q
Structures
A
the morphology of body parts - their forms & organizations
4
Q
Functions
A
consideration of what body parts do and how they do it
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Q
Human Organism
A
the construction of anatomical structures into a well-organized unit, operating as a whole
6
Q
Atoms
A
smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
7
Q
Subatomic particles
A
small parts of an atom
8
Q
Molecules
A
particle composed of two or more joined atoms
9
Q
Macromolecules
A
a very large molecule
10
Q
Cell
A
the basic unit of structure & function
11
Q
Organelles
A
part of a cell that performs a specialized function
12
Q
Tissue
A
a group of cells
13
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Organs
A
group of different tissues
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Organ system
A
groups of organs that function closely together
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Q
Organism
A
interacting organ systems
16
Q
Metabolism
A
all of the chemical reaction in cells that use or release energy
17
Q
Water
A
most abundant substance in the body - helps with transportation & regulation of body temp.
18
Q
Food
A
substances that provide organisms with necessary chemicals/nutrients
19
Q
Oxygen
A
gas making up about 1/5 of the air - used in the process of releasing energy from nutrients
20
Q
Heat
A
a form of energy that is present in our environment - product of metabolic reactions + partly controls reaction rate
21
Q
Pressure
A
an application of force on an object or substance
22
Q
Internal environment
A
conditions & elements that make up the inside of the body, surrounding the cells
23
Q
Homeostasis
A
the body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment
24
Q
Homeostatic mechanisms
A
the body’s maintaining of homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems
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Receptors
provides information about specific stimuli in the internal environment
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Control center
includes a set point, tells what a particular value should be
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Effectors
a muscle or gland that effects change in the body
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Negative feedback
mechanism in which build up of a product causes suppression of its synthesis
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Normal range
measurements or values obtained from a statistical sample of the healthy population for reference or comparison
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Axial portion
pertaining to the head, neck, and trunk
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Appendicular portion
pertaining to the upper & lower limbs
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Cranial cavity
hollow space in the cranium containing the brain
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Vertebral canal
hollow space within the vertebrae containing the spinal cord
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Thoracic cavity
hollow place within the chest
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Abdominopelvic cavity
space between the diaphragm and the lower potion of the trunk of the body
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Viscera
organs found within a body cavity
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Diaphragm
sheetlike structure largely composed of skeletal muscle and connective tissue that separates the thoracic & abdominal cavities
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Mediastinum
the region separating the thorax into two compartments that contains the abdominal viscera
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Abdominal cavity
space between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet that contains the abdominal viscera
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Pelvic cavity
hollow place within the ring formed by the sacrum & coxae
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Serous membranes
membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body
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pleural membranes
serous membrane that encloses the lungs and lines the chest wall
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pericardial membranes
pertaining to the pericardium
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peritoneal membranes
pertaining to the peritoneum
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Integumentary System
pertaining to the skin & its accessory organs
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Skeletal System
consists of bones, ligaments, cartilages that bind bones together at joints
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Muscular system
provides force to move body parts and maintains posture + body heat
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Nervous system
utilization of nerve impulses to communicate with one another and other muscles + glands
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endocrine system
includes all the glands that secrete chemical messengers aka hormones
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cardiovascular system
includes the heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, & blood
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lymphatic system
transports some tissue fluid back to the bloodstream and carries certain fatty substances away from the digestive organs
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digestive system
receives food and then breaks down food molecules into simpler forms that can be passed through cell membranes to be absorbed
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respiratory system
takes air in & out and exchanges gases between the blood & air
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urinary system
involves removing waste & assists in maintaining water & electrolyte balance
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excretion
elimination of metabolic wastes
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reproduction
the process of producing offspring
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reproductive system
system producing whole new organisms
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anatomical position
body posture with the body erect, the face forward, the arms at the sides with the palms facing forward and the toes
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superior
part is above another part/closer to the head
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inferior
part below another part/toward the feet
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anterior
toward the front
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posterior
toward the back
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medial
imaginary midline dividing body into equal left and right halves
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lateral
toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline
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ipsilateral
pertains to the same side
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contralateral
refers to the opposite side
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proximal
describes a part that is closer to the trunk or closer to another specified point of reference
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distal
farther from the trunk
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superficial
situated near the surface
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peripheral
outward or near the surface
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sagittal
a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions
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transverse
cut that divides the body into superior & inferior portions
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coronal
section that divides the body into anterior & posterior portions
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epigastric region
upper middle region
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left & right hypochondriac regions
on the left & right sides of the epigastric region
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Umbilical region
the central region
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left & right lumbar regions
on the left & right sides of the umbilical region
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hypogastric region
the lower middle region
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left & right iliac/inguinal regions
on the left & right sides of the hypogastric region
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cardiology
branch of medical science dealing with the heart & heart diseases
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cardiology
branch of medical science dealing with the heart & heart diseases
82
dermatology
study of skin & diseases
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endocrinology
study of hormones, hormone secreting glands, and associated diseases
84
epidemiology
study of the factors that contribute to determining the distribution and frequency of health-related conditions within a defined human population
85
gastroenterology
study of the stomach & intestines, as well as their diseases
86
geriatrics
branch of medicine dealing with older individuals and their medical problems
87
gerontology
study of the process of aging and the various problems of older individuals
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gynecology
study of the female reproductive system and its diseases
89
hematology
study of blood and blood diseases
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histology
study of the structure and function of the tissues
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immunology
study of the body's resistance to disease
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neonatology
study of newborns & the treatment of their disorders
93
nephrology
study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys
94
neurology
study of the nervous system in health and disease
95
obstetrics
branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth
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oncology
study of cancers
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ophthalmology
study of the eye and eye diseases
98
orthopedics
branch of medicine dealing with muscular & skeletal systems & their problems
99
otolaryngology
study of the ear, throat, larynx, and their diseases
100
pathology
study of the structural and functional changes within the body associated with disease
101
pediatrics
branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases
102
pharmacology
study of drugs and their uses in the treatment of diseases
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podiatry
study of the care and treatment of the feet
104
psychiatry
branch of medicine dealing with the mind and its disorders
105
radiology
study of x-rays and radioactive substances as well as their uses in diagnosing and treating diseases
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toxicology
study of poisonous substances & their effects on physiology
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urology
branch of medicine dealing with the urinary and male reproductive systems and their diseases
