CHAPTER 1: INTRO TO MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY Flashcards by Cait Lyn

branch of zoology about parasites

Study of host-parasite relationship

study of parasite that infect human

Parasitology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

benefits from the other

any organism that lives in or the body of another organism in order to survive.

Parasites/ Parasitos

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

animal parasite of humans and their medical significance

Clinical Parasitology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

association of living organism

Symbiosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

any organism that harbors parasite

Host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 SYMBIOSIS TYPES

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

works together

benefit from each other

association between organisms of different species is benefitted

mutualism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

association between individuals of two species in which one species obtain food or benefit from other WITHOUT harming or benefitting the latter

Commensalism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

one organism benefits at expense of parasite usually different species (host)
may lead to injury of host

Parasitism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SIX PRIORITY DISEASES

Leprosy
Leishmaniasis
Trypnosomiasis
Filariasis
Schistosomiasis
Malaria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

harboring species, may show no harmful effects or may suffer from various or functional and organic disorders

host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

types of host

definitive, intermediate, reservoir, paratenic, accidental, vector

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

parasites attains sexual maturity

Definitive Host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite (may or may not be present in the lifecycle)

Intermediate Host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

refers to the non-human final host of a parasite.

Necator Americanus
Schistosoma japonicum

Reservoir Host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

usually have an ecological function since they can extend the normal host range of the parasite.

paragonimus westermani

Paratenic Host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

are those organisms infected or infested by parasite which are not normally associated with them.

Accidental host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

not a well-defined type of host, facilitate the transmission of a parasite from one infected host to another susceptibility host.

Mechanical vectors
Biological vectors

vectors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

permanent association of two organisms that cannot exist independently.

Symbiosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 TYPES OF ASSOCIATIONS:

Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Phoresy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

eating at the same table, neither harmed nor benefited (Shark and remora)

Commensalism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

two organism mutually benefiting from each other like termites and flagelattes

Mutualism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

includes any reciprocal association in w/c a species depends upon another for its existence
temporary
permanent

Parasitism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(to carry) in which one organism (smaller phoront) is mechanically carried or in another specie (host)

Phoresy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

must always be in close contact with the host in order to survive, grow, reproduce, and infect a new host.

Obligatory

capable of reverting from a parasitic to free-living lifestyle and can live with/out the host strongyloides stercoralis

Facultative

require continuous contact with their host to survive. (endoparasite)

Permanent parasite

associate closely with their host only to feed (ectoparasite)

Temporary (intermittent)

which enter hosts not normally theirs. do not develop to full maturity (incompatibility) sometimes establish themselves in their new host for a short period of time (toxocara canis)

Accidental/ Incidental

those which move out of normal habitat within their host ( A. lumbricoides)

Aberrant

organism which are taken in by accident and then passed out harmlessly of an unsuitable host.

Spurious

when parasite is located INSIDE the host refers to any of the internal visceral organs, gastro intestinal tract, RBC a host parasitized by an __ is said to have an infection or be infected.

endoparasite

examples of endoparasites

Ascaris lumbricoides - lumen of S.I Plasmodium falciparum - inside the human erythrocytes

when the parasite is located OUTSIDE or on the surface of the host’s body such as the skin or mucous membrane. a host parasitized by an __ is said to have an infestation or be infeste

ectoparasite

examples of ectoparasites

Pediculus humanus - found on scalp Sarcoptes scabiel - on the skin

live & multiply in the moist

Capnophilic

example of Capnophilic

protozoans

lives in RBCS

hematozoic

example of hematozoic

malaria

lives inside the cell

cytozoic

example of cytozoic

(tissues isospara hominis)

live in body cavities

Coelozoic

example of Coelozoic

(mansorella perstans)

- live inside lumen of intestine

Enterozoic

forever parasite; lives in a single host

Permanent parasite

larval stage is different from adult stage

Periodic

- fix in an unusual habitat

Erratic

example of obligatory relationship

ascaris lumbricoides

example of facultative relationship

threadworm

example of intermittent relationship

mosquito

infects individual with underlying disease

Opportunistic

Soil transmitted (4)

ascaris lumbricoides trichuris trichuria hookworms strongyloides stercoralis

Arthropod/ Vector transmitted (5)

malaria/ filarial worms leishmania trypanosomes babesia schistosome spp

Food borne

taenia spp trichenella spiralis toxoplasma gondii capillaria philippinensis heterophyds paragonimus westermanii fasciolid

Waterborne

amoeba giardia lamblia blastocytosis hominis cryptosporidum spp Cyclospora cayetanensis

Sexual Intercourse -

trichomonas vaginalis

Inhalation of air-borne eggs -

enterobius vermicularis

Congenital transmission -

T. gondi

Skin penetration -

Hookworm, S. Stercoralis

a parasite that lives within a single host during the entire life cycle

Monoxenous

a parasite that lives within more than one host during entire life cycle

Heteroxenous

hermaphrodites; have complete set of sex organs

Monoecious

sexes are separated

Dioecious

TISSUE ASPIRATES Liver

amoeba

TISSUE ASPIRATES Duodenal

strongy/giardia

TISSUE ASPIRATES Lymph nodes

leishmania, american trypanosomes

TISSUE ASPIRATES CSF

africa trypanosomes

TISSUE ASPIRATES Hydrocoele

microfilaria of bancrofti

TISSUE BIOPSY muscle

T. spiralis

TISSUE BIOPSY rectal

schistosomes

TISSUE BIOPSY lymph node

filarial worm

TISSUE BIOPSY skin

leishmaniasis

occurrence and prevalence of disease study the manner of spread of contagious disease

Epidemiology

sudden inc. of infection

Epidemic

certain infection present in low nos. but constantly present in the area

Endemic

disease which spreads to severeal countries and affects a large number of people

pandemic

allowing them to metabolize the nutrients from the host and store these for energy production

enzymatic action

depriving the host of essential nutrients

Spollative action

causes massive Intestinal bleeding (IDA)

Hookworm

competes with its host Vit B12 (M. anemia)

D. latum

possession of sickle-cell trait may confer some protection

P. falciparum

presence of duffy blood factor increase the susceptibility of infections

P. vivax

study of patterns, distribution, and occurrence of disease

Epidemiology

no. of new cases of infection appearing in a population in a given period of time

Incidence

is the number os individuals in a population estimated species at a given time

Prevalence

percentage of individuals in a population infected with atleast one parasite

Cumulative prevalence

- refers to the no. of worms per person

Intensity of Infection

STAGES IN LIFE CYCLE

Ovum Egg Embryo Larva Trophozoite Cyst

refers to practical measure that stop transmission cycle from the very root of its cause

prevention

refers to the proportion of target population reached by an intervention

Coverage

is a genetically transmitted loss of susceptibility to a drug in worm population that was previously sensitive to the appropriate therapeutic dose

Drug resistance

is the effect of a drug against an infective agent in ideal experimental conditions and isolated from any context

Efficacy

is a measure of the effect of a drug against an infective agent in a particular host

Effectiveness

- is the use of anthelminthic drugs in an Individual or PH program

Deworming

refers to the no. of previously positive subjects found to be agg negative on examination of a stool

Cure rate

is the % fall in egg counts after deworming based on examination of a stool

Egg reduction rate

Individual-level deworming with selection for treatment based on a diagnosis of infection

Selective treatment

group-level deworming where the group to be treated may be defined by age, ge, sex or social characteristics irrespective of infection status

Targeted treatment

population-level deworming in w/c the community is treated irrespective of age, sex, infection status or other social characteristics

Universal treatment

requires specific snail Intermediate host and condition that ensure host-parasite contact

trematodes

__, can burrow into the mud, shielding itself from various molluscicides

Snail Ih of Schistosoma

is the causative agent of one type of malaria In w/c the vector is a female mosquito of the genus Anopheles

P. falciparum

causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis - transmitted by sandflies.

Leishmania braziliensis

CHAPTER 1: INTRO TO MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY Flashcards

(103 cards)