Chapter 1: Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

Study of organisms and agents too small to be seen by the naked eye

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

largest bacterium

Answer 2

Thiomargarita magnifica

Question 3

two interconnected themes of microbiology

Answer 3

Understanding the living world of microscopic organisms and applying our understanding of microbial life processes

Question 4

Branch of microbiology that studies viruses

Answer 4

Virology

Question 5

Branch of microbiology that studies fungi

Answer 5

Mycology

Question 6

Branch of microbiology that studies algae

Answer 6

Phycology

Question 7

Branch of microbiology that studies protozoa

Answer 7

Protozoology

Question 8

Branch of microbiology that studies bacteria

Answer 8

Bacteriology

Question 9

Infected with the eggs of the parasite Trichuris trichiura, which may have caused him to have abdominal pain and anemia

Answer 9

Otzi the Iceman

Question 10

Bacteria that infected Otzi the Iceman

Answer 10

Trichuris trichiura

Question 11

possible infection of Otzi that causes Lyme Disease

Answer 11

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 12

Fruit that Otzi used to treat his infection. This fungus has both laxative and antibiotic

Answer 12

Piptoporus betulinus

Question 13

Attributed disease to bad air

Answer 13

malaria

Question 14

Invented the first compound microscope

Answer 14

Zacharias Janssen

Question 15

suggested to be the first to observe microorganisms (20 years before Hooke’s observation; 29 years before van Leeuwenhoek)

Answer 15

Athanasius Kirche

Question 16

universally acknowledged as the father of microbiology. He discovered both protists and bacteria

Answer 16

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 17

observed cells in cork

Answer 17

Robert Hooke

Question 18

Theory that states “Life emerges from non-living matter; “vital force” required”

Answer 18

Spontaneous Generation Theory

Question 19

Theory that states “Life begets life”

Answer 19

Biogenesis Theory

Question 20

Conducted wide-mouthed jars experiment

Answer 20

Francesco Redi

Question 21

Conducted mutton broth in flask experiment to determine the growth of microorganism

Answer 21

John Needham

Question 22

passed air through strong acids

Answer 22

Franz Schultze

Question 23

passed air through red hot tubes

Answer 23

Theodor Schwann

Question 24

filtered air through sterile cotton wool

Answer 24

Georg Friedrich Schröder & Theodor von Dusch

Question 25

Experiments with Swan-neck flasks, results prove that life did not arise from non-life

Answer 25

Louis Pasteur

Question 26

demonstrated that dust carries microorganisms, provides evidence for the existence of exceptionally heat-resistant forms of bacteria, and develop the process of tyndallization

Answer 26

John Tyndall

Question 27

Theory that states Diseases are caused by specific agents called germs

Answer 27

Germ Theory of Disease

Question 28

Claimed that disease was caused by invisible living creatures

Answer 28

Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 29

showed that a disease of silkworms was caused by a fungus

Answer 29

Agostino Bassi

Question 30

demonstrated that the Great Potato Blight of Ireland was caused by a fungus (Phytophthora infestans)

Answer 30

Miles Joseph Berkeley

Question 31

showed that smut and rust fungi caused cereal crop diseases

Answer 31

Heinrich Anton de Bary

Question 32

claimed that asepsis in obstetrical wards to prevent the transmission of childbed fever from patient to patient

Answer 32

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

Question 33

“Father of Antiseptic Surgery”. used phenol or carbolic acid in surgical dressings and heat-sterilized surgical instruments

Answer 33

Joseph Lister

Question 34

showed that the pébrine disease of silkworms was caused by a protozoan

Answer 34

Louis Pasteur

Question 35

established the relationship between Bacillus anthracis and anthrax

Answer 35

Robert Koch

Question 36

used a vaccination procedure to protect individuals from smallpox

Answer 36

Edward Jenner

Question 37

developed porcelain bacterial filter

Answer 37

Charles Chamberland

Question 38

considered one of the founders of virology. In 1898, published results on the filtration experiments demonstrating that tobacco mosaic disease is caused by an infectious agent smaller than a bacterium, which he called “virus”

Answer 38

Martinus Beijerink

Question 39

developed 606th compound SALVARSAN (organic arsenical to treat syphilis)

Answer 39

Paul Ehrlich

Question 40

discovered the “miracle drug” penicillin from Penicillium

Answer 40

Alexander Fleming

Question 41

Demonstrated the role of yeasts in fermentation

Answer 41

Louis Pasteur

Question 42

fermentation could occur in yeast extracts free of cells

Answer 42

Eduard Buchner

Question 43

discovered the existence of heat resistance bacterial endospores

Answer 43

Ferdinand Cohn

Question 44

studied soil and soil microorganisms, developed enrichment cultures and selective media

Answer 44

Sergei Winogradsky and Martinus Beijerinck