Chapter 1: Intro to Sociology

Question 1

Micro-level

1.1

Answer 1

Study of small groups/individuals

1.1

Question 2

Macro-level

1.1

Answer 2

Study of big groups

1.1

Question 3

Sociological Imagination

1.1

Answer 3

Awareness of how society affects people

1.1

Question 4

Reification

1.1

Answer 4

Fallacy of treating abstract as real

1.1

Question 5

Social facts

1.1

Answer 5

Rules that govern social life

1.1

Question 6

Figuration

1.1

Answer 6

Norbert Elias: Analyzing individual and societal behavior together.

Society needs to be “figured” into the analysis

Question 7

Role of catholic church in early sociology?

1.2

Answer 7

Hoarded power and bent social life to their will. After bubonic plague… ruined Catholic church reputation and science became prevelant.

1.2

Question 8

Ma Tuan-Lin (1200s)

1.2

Answer 8

Chinese historian: recorded social dyanmics in the “General Study of Literary Remains”

1.2

Question 9

Ibn Khaldun (1300s)

1.2

Answer 9

Tunisian historian: foundations for modern sociology & economics… proposed social conflict existed… challenged authority

1.2

Question 10

Mary Wollstonecraft (1700s)

1.2

Answer 10

First feminist

1.2

Question 11

August Comte (1800s)

1.2

Answer 11

Coined “sociology” (2nd but most popular). Believed social issues could be studied through sociology. Father of positivism

1.2

Question 12

Positivism

1.2

Answer 12

Study of social patterns. Belief society can be predicted & addressed

1.2

Question 13

Harriet Martineau (1700s)

1.2

Answer 13

Compared social institutions and taught economics
Found flaws with U.S. capitalism

1.2

Question 14

Karl Marx

1.2

Answer 14

German philosopher & economist
Co-authored Communist Manifesto
Anti-positivism
Believed conflict between classes created change

1.2

Question 15

Herbert Spencer (1800s)

1.2

Answer 15

English
Founder of functionalism
Loved social institutions
Anti-positivism
Anti-communism
Big capitalism guy
Made a book w/ “Sociology” in title

1.2

Question 16

Georg Simmel (Late 1800s)

1.2

Answer 16

German art critic
Analyzed micro-level theories
Pro-conflict theory
Anti-positivism

1.2

Question 17

Émile Durkheim (Late 1800s)

1.2

Answer 17

Helped create first Sociology department in Europe
Believed in “healthy” or “pathological” societies (stable vs. breakdown)
Pro-positivism
Made a book about suicide. Attributed differences based on socio-religious factors

1.2

Question 18

Max Weber (Late 1800s)

1.2

Answer 18

Sociologist
Anti-positivism
Pro-Conflict theory
Coined “Verstehen” (understanding through other’s lens)

1.2

Question 19

Verstehen

1.2

Answer 19

Understanding through someone’s lens. Seeks to understand society, not to predict

1.2

Question 20

Quantitative Sociology

1.2

Answer 20

Science to uncover patterns
Positivism roots

1.2

Question 21

Qualitative Sociology

1.2

Answer 21

Seek to understand human behavior
Anti-positivism roots

1.2

Question 22

W.E.B. Du Bois (1900s)

1.2

Answer 22

Harvard historian
Used empirical methods for sociology and to challenge racism
Helped found NAACP

1.2

Question 23

Thorstein Veblen (Late 1800s)

1.2

Answer 23

Co foundner of institutional economics
Connected society to economics

1.2

Question 24

Jane Addams (Late 1800s)

1.2

Answer 24

Father of symbolic interactionism
“The looking-glass self”
Feared individualism & competitiveness (for sociology future)

1.2

Question 25

The looking-glass self | 1.2

Answer 25

We see ourselves through people's reactions | 1.2

Question 26

George Herbert Mead (Late 1800s) | 1.2

Answer 26

Father of symbolic interactionism Expanded on looking-glass self... Significant other vs. generalized other | 1.2

Question 27

Robert E. Park (Late 1800s) | 1.2

Answer 27

Founder of social ecology (how individuals live within environment) | 1.2

Question 28

Social ecology | 1.2

Answer 28

How individuals live within environment | 1.2

Question 29

Social Solidarity | 1.3

Answer 29

Social connections in a group | 1.3

Question 30

Grand theories | 1.3

Answer 30

Theories that explain why societies change and start | 1.3

Question 31

Functionalism | 1.3

Answer 31

The way each part of society comes to work as a whole | EX: Organs in a body

Question 32

Function | 1.3

Answer 32

Repeating activity that contributes to social stability (functionalism) | 1.3

Question 33

Dynamic Equilibrium | 1.3

Answer 33

Perfectly stable society state (functionalism) | 1.3

Question 34

Manifest Functions | 1.3

Answer 34

Delibrate consequences of an action (functionalism) | EX: Watch TV for entertainment --> gets entertained

Question 35

Latent Function | 1.3

Answer 35

Unsought consequences of an action (functionalism) | Watch TV for entertainment --> gets relaxed

Question 36

Dysfunctions | 1.3

Answer 36

Bad consequences for an action (functionalism) | Watch TV for entertainment --> gets back pain

Question 37

What are the criticisms of functionalism? | 1.3

Answer 37

1. Dysfunctions exist despite not being good for society 2. Can't explain social change 3. Repeated behavior can be seen as a function despite having unknown purposes | 1.3

Question 38

Conflict theory | 1.3

Answer 38

Competition for limited resources Macro-level | EX: grrr my toys. U can't have the toys because I make the rules now.

Question 39

Critical theory | 1.3

Answer 39

Addresses social issues causing inequality Expands on conflict theory | 1.3

Question 40

Feminism theory | 1.3

Answer 40

Explains inequalities between gender (conflict theory) | 1.3

Question 41

Critical race theory | 1.3

Answer 41

Explains structural inequality based on white privilege | 1.3

Question 42

What is the main criticism of conflict theory? | 1.3

Answer 42

1. Disregards stability | 1.3

Question 43

Symbolic interactionism | 1.3

Answer 43

1. Says communication is the way people understand society. 2. Studies patterns of interactions between inviduals 3. Micro-level | 1.3

Question 44

Erving Goffman (1900s) | 1.3

Answer 44

Symbolic interactionist Created dramaturgical analysis (people play different roles all of the time) | 1.3

Question 45

Dramaturgical analysis | 1.3

Answer 45

People play different roles all of the time | EX: Roles change from student --> daughter --> dog-walker everyday

Question 46

Constructivism | 1.3

Answer 46

Reality is what we construct it to be (symbolic interactionism) | 1.3

Question 47

What is the main criticism of symbolic interactionism? | 1.3

Answer 47

It's hard to stay unbias when you're doing case studies all of the time. | 1.3