chapter 1 : intro to structural units

Question 1

define anatomy

Answer 1

study of shape and structure of an organism

Question 2

define physiology

Answer 2

study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

Question 3

define biology

Answer 3

the study of all forms of life

Question 4

define disease

Answer 4

any abnormal changes in the structure and function of an organism that produces symptoms

Question 5

what is gross anatomy

Answer 5

the study of large structures visible to the naked eye

Question 6

what is microscopic anatomy. name two branches

Answer 6

the study of structure that can only be seen with a microscope, cytology + histology

Question 7

what is cytology. it is a branch of what kind of anatomy

Answer 7

the study of cells, branch of microscopic anatomy

Question 8

what is histology. it is a branch of what type of anatomy

Answer 8

study of living tissues, a branch of microscopic anatomy

Question 9

what is developmental anatomy. what is a branch of it

Answer 9

studies growth and development, embryology

Question 10

what is embryology, it is a branch of what

Answer 10

studies development from fertilization to birth, branch of developmental anatomy

Question 11

what is comparative anatomy

Answer 11

compares human and animal anatomy

Question 12

what is systematic anatomy, what are some branches of it

Answer 12

studies organ systems, branches : dermatology, endocrinology, neurology

Question 13

describe the anatomical position

Answer 13

facing forward, arms at side, palms outward, feet parallel

Question 14

what term refers to the front of the body

Answer 14

anterior, ventral

Question 15

what term refers to the back of the body

Answer 15

posterior, dorsal

Question 16

what term refers to toward the head

Answer 16

cephalic

Question 17

what term refers to toward the feet/tail end

Answer 17

caudal

Question 18

what term refers to above another

Answer 18

superior

Question 19

what term refers to below another

Answer 19

inferior

Question 20

what term refers to toward the midline

Answer 20

medial

Question 21

what term refers to toward the side

Answer 21

lateral

Question 22

what term refers to toward the point of attachment

Answer 22

proximal

Question 23

what term refers to away from the point of attachment

Answer 23

distal

Question 24

what term refers to near the surface of the body

Answer 24

superficial (external) - external only used for body cavities and hollow organs

Question 25

what term refers to inside the body

Answer 25

deep (internal) - internal only used for body cavities and hollow organs

Question 26

what is a body plane

Answer 26

imaginary line that divides body structures

Question 27

what is a section

Answer 27

a cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane

Question 28

what are oblique planes

Answer 28

planes that are not perfectly horizontal

Question 29

what plane divides the body into right and left parts. which is 50/50, which is not directly in the middle

Answer 29

sagittal, midsagittal, parasagittal

Question 30

what plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Answer 30

coronal, frontal

Question 31

what parts do coronal (frontal) planes cut the body into

Answer 31

anterior and posterior

Question 32

what plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

Answer 32

transverse, horizontal

Question 33

what parts do transverse (horizontal) planes cut the body into

Answer 33

superior (upper) and inferior (lower)

Question 34

what cavities are in the dorsal cavity

Answer 34

cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Question 35

what cavities are in the ventral cavity

Answer 35

thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity)

Question 36

what is in the cranial cavity

Answer 36

brain

Question 37

what is in the spinal cavity

Answer 37

spine (ex. vertebrae)

Question 38

what cavity lies between the lungs and extends from the sternum to the vertebrae in the back

Answer 38

thoracic, mediastinum

Question 39

what is in the thoracic/mediastinum cavity

Answer 39

heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, esophagus, etc

Question 40

what is the cavity that contains the heart (not thoracic)

Answer 40

pericardial cavity

Question 41

what lies between the thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavity

Answer 41

diaphragm

Question 42

what is in the abdomino-pelvic cavity

Answer 42

abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Question 43

what is in the abdominal cavity

Answer 43

stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, appendix, part of large intestine, etc.

Question 44

what is in the pelvic cavity

Answer 44

reproductive organs, bladder, rectum, rest of large intestine

Question 45

what region of the abdominal cavity is just below the sternum

Answer 45

epigastric

Question 46

what region of the abdominal cavity is below the ribs

Answer 46

left and right hypochondriac

Question 47

what region of the abdominal cavity is located around the navel

Answer 47

umbilical

Question 48

what region of the abdominal cavity is next to the umbilical region and extends from anterior to posterior

Answer 48

left and right lumbar

Question 49

what region of the abdominal cavity is near the pubic area

Answer 49

hypogastric

Question 50

what region of the abdominal cavity is next to the hypogastric region

Answer 50

left and right inguinal

Question 51

what cavity contains the eyes, optic nerves, and lacrimal ducts

Answer 51

orbital cavity

Question 52

what cavity contains the nose

Answer 52

nasal cavity

Question 53

what cavity contains the mouth and teeth

Answer 53

buccal (oral) cavity)

Question 54

what is assimilation

Answer 54

transformation of digested food molecules into living tissue

Question 55

what is digestion

Answer 55

the breakdown of complex food molecules into simpler food molecules

Question 56

what is excretion

Answer 56

removal of metabolic waste from an organism

Question 57

what is growth

Answer 57

the enlargement of an organism due to synthesis and assimilation

Question 58

what is ingestion

Answer 58

the process by which an organism takes in food

Question 59

what is movement

Answer 59

ability of an organism to move

Question 60

what is reproduction

Answer 60

ability of an organism to produce offspring with similar characteristics

Question 61

what is respiration

Answer 61

burning or oxidation of food molecules in a cell to increase energy, water, and carbon dioxide

Question 62

what is secretion

Answer 62

formation and release of hormones from a cell or structure

Question 63

what is sensitivity

Answer 63

ability of an organism to respond to its environment to maintain homeostasis

Question 64

what is synthesis

Answer 64

combination of simple molecules into more complex molecules to help an organism build more tissue

Question 65

what is transport

Answer 65

movement of necessary substances to, into, and around cells and wastes out of and away from cells

Question 66

what is the order of body structures (cell to ___)

Answer 66

cell --> tissue --> organ --> organ system

Question 67

what is metabolism

Answer 67

the functions of cells that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions

Question 68

what are the two processes of metabolism

Answer 68

anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down)