Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology Flashcards
(25 cards)
1
Q
Social Psychology
A
- the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another
2
Q
social neuroscience
A
- an integration of biological and social perspectives that explores the neural and psychological bases of social and emotional behaviours
3
Q
culture
A
- the enduring behaviours, ideas, attitudes, traditions, products, and institutions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
4
Q
social representations
A
- socially shared beliefs; widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies; help us make sense of the world
5
Q
naturalistic fallacy
A
- the error of defining what is good in terms of what is observable: for example, what’s typical is normal; what’s normal is good
6
Q
hindsight bias
A
- the tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one’s ability to have foreseen how something turned out; “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon
7
Q
theory
A
- an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events
8
Q
hypotheses
A
- testable propositions that describe relationships that may exist between events
9
Q
field research
A
- research done in natural, real-life settings outside of the laboratory
10
Q
correlational research
A
- the study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables
11
Q
experimental research
A
- studies that seek clues to case-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variable) while controlling others (constant)
12
Q
random sample
A
- survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion
13
Q
independent variables
A
- experimental factors that a researcher manipulates
14
Q
dependent variables
A
- the variable being measured, so called because it may depend on manipulations of the independent variable
15
Q
random assignment
A
- the process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition
16
Q
observational research methods
A
- where individuals are observed in natural settings, often without awareness, in order to provide the opportunity for objective analysis of behaviour
17
Q
mundane realism
A
- degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations
18
Q
experimental realism
A
- degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants
19
Q
demand characteristics
A
- cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behaviour is expected
20
Q
informed consent
A
- an ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they with to participate
21
Q
Construction of Social reality
A
- explain people’s behaviors to suit our daily needs
- desire for things to seem orderly
- explanations come from how we were raised
22
Q
Major themes of social psychology
A
1) Social thinking
2) Social influences
3) Social relations
23
Q
social intuition
A
fast and frugal judgments about things around us
- can I trust them?
- are they telling the truth?
- is flying dangerous?
24
Q
social influences shape behaviour
A
- we want to be loved and accepted (social creature)
- Cultures: define social scripts, influence what we like and dislike, guidelines for what to expect of others
25
personal attitudes shape behaviour
- political attitudes affect our vote
- attitudes towards the poor influence our willingness to help
- personality dispositions affect how people react to certain situations
