Chapter 1: Introduction

Question 1

It is a property of steel that is of great importance for long-span bridge, tall building, and structures situated on poor foundations.

Answer 1

High Strength

Question 2

A property of steel where in it does not change appreciably with time.

Answer 2

Uniformity

Question 3

A property of steel which shows its closeness to design assumptions than most materials because it follows Hooke’s Law up to fairly high stresses.

Answer 3

Elasticity

Question 4

Steel frames that are properly maintained will last indefinitely.

Answer 4

Permanence

Question 5

A property of steel by which it can withstand extensive deformation without failure under high tensile stresses.

Answer 5

Ductility

Question 6

This is the ability of steel to absorb energy in large amounts.

Answer 6

Toughness

Question 7

Other advantages of steel includes addition to existing structures.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Steels can be fastened together through what?

Answer 8

Bolts, rivets, welds and nails

Question 9

Steel aren’t useful once it is disassembled.

Answer 9

FALSE

Question 10

Steel can’t be rolled into variety of sizes and shapes.

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

Steel’s advantage is it can be easily erected and it can adapt prefabrication.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

Steels are susceptible to corrosion when freely exposed to _______ and _______.

Answer 12

Air and water

Question 13

What must be done to steel when it is exposed to air and water?

Answer 13

Must be painted periodically.

Question 14

What do you call the anti-corrosion component used in steels?

Answer 14

Copper

Question 15

Structural members are incombustible, their strength is tremendously reduced at high temperatures.

Answer 15

Fireproofing Costs

Question 16

As the length and slenderness of a compression member is increased, its danger to ______ also increases.

Answer 16

Buckling

Question 17

This is a disadvantage of steel where in it occurs when the steel is subjected to a large number of stress reversals or even to a large number of variations of tensile stress.

Answer 17

Fatigue

Question 18

This problem is led by fatigue; type loading, very low temperatures, and tri-axial stress conditions.

Answer 18

Brittle Fracture

Question 19

This is a test performed to illustrate the property of steel through a stress-strain diagram.

Answer 19

Tensile Test

Question 20

This is the relationship between stress and strain.

Answer 20

Proportional Limit

Question 21

It is the stress that lies betwen the proportional limit and the upper yield point.

Answer 21

Elastic Limit

Question 22

The linear portion of the stress-strain diagram, the specimen can be unloaded without permanent deformation.

Answer 22

Elastic Range

Question 23

The stress remains constant, even though the strain continues to increase.

Answer 23

Plastic Range

Question 24

Additional load (and stress) is required to cause additional elongation (and strain).

Answer 24

Strain Hardening

Question 25

When the specimen begins to neck down as the stress decreases with increasing strain followed by fracture.

Answer 25

Necking and Failure

Question 26

The yield point or yield strength is the combination of what several points on the stress-strain diagram?

Answer 26

Elastic Limit Proportional Limit Upper and lower yield point

Question 27

It is the maxium value of stress that can be attained in a stress-strain diagram.

Answer 27

Ultimate Tensile Strength

Question 28

This is the ratio of stress to strain within the elastic range.

Answer 28

Modulus of Elasticity

Question 29

These are types of structural steels made up of mostly iron and carbon, with less than 1% carbon.

Answer 29

Plain Carbon Steels

Question 30

These are types of structural steels made up of iron and carbon plus other components (usually less than 5%) primarily for increasing strength, which is accomplished at the expense of a reduction in ductility

Answer 30

Low Alloy Steels

Question 31

These are types of structural steels made up of iron and carbon plus other components (usually greater than 5%). They have high strength and have some special quality such as resistance to corrosion.

Answer 31

High Alloy or Specialty Steels

Question 32

The manufacturing process of these types of structural shapes takes place in mill, molten steel is taken from an electric arc furnace and poured into a continuous casting system where the steel solidifies but is never allowed to cool completely, and then passes through a series of rollers that squeeze the material into the desired cross-sectional shape.

Answer 32

Hot Rolled Shapes

Question 33

A steel shape where it has two parallel flanges separated by a single web and has two axes of symmetry.

Answer 33

W-shaped (wide-flanged shape)

Question 34

A shape formerly called an I-Beam. Similar to W shape but flanges has sloping inside face

Answer 34

American Standard (S-Shape)

Question 35

This shape is available either equal or unequal leg and do not provide the weight per foot.

Answer 35

Angle Shapes (L-Shape)

Question 36

2 flanges and a web with 1 AOS, inside faces of flanges are sloping.

Answer 36

American Standard Channel ( C-Shape)

Question 37

This is referred to as Split-Tee. Abbreviated as WT,ST or MT depending on which shape is the parent.

Answer 37

Structural Tee

Question 38

HP shape is used for

Answer 38

Bearing piles

Question 39

This can be of circular, square or rectagular shape. Rectangular= width is less than 8 inches

Answer 39

Bars

Question 40

Rectangular = width is greater than 8 inches. Abbreviation is PL

Answer 40

Plate

Question 41

What is HSS?

Answer 41

Hollow Structural Sections

Question 42

This shapes are produced either by bending pate material into the desired shape or welding the seam or by hot-working to produce a seamless shape In addition this is also categorized as "Steel pipes, round HSS, square and rectangular HSS".

Answer 42

Hollow Shapes

Question 43

Formula for stress

Answer 43

f=P/A ;

Question 44

Formula for strain

Answer 44

E= delta L/L

Question 45

these types of shapes are made by bending thin sheets of carbon or low-alloy steels into almost any desired cross section. There is a reduction in ductility but there is a significant increase in strength.

Answer 45

Cold Formed Shapes

Question 46

What serves as economical forms for the wet concrete and are left in place after the concrete hardens.

Answer 46

Concrete floor slabs cast on formed steel decks

Question 47

Types of CFS

Answer 47

Channel Stiffened Channel Zee Stiffened Zee Hat Sigma Angle

Question 48

These shapes are made when there is a special condition such as the need for heavier members of particular cross sectional geometries.

Answer 48

Built-Up Sections

Question 49

Types of BUS which are welded or bolted

Answer 49

Welded Plate Girder Cover Plated W-shape W-shape with shelf angle

Question 50

deflections and vibrations are not so great as to frighten the occupants or to cause unsightly cracks.

Answer 50

Safety

Question 51

keep in mind factors that lower costs can without sacrifice of strength

Answer 51

Cost

Question 52

Can be fabricated and erected without great problems arising

Answer 52

Constructability

Question 53

3 regions of a stress strain diagram for low-carbon structural steel

Answer 53

Elastic Strain Region, Plastic Strain Region, Strain Hardening Region

Question 54

This is the largest stress for which Hooke’s Law applies, or the highest point on the linear portion of the stress strain diagram.

Answer 54

Proportional Limit

Question 55

The largest stress that a material can withstand without being permanently deformed.

Answer 55

Elastic Limit

Question 56

The stress where in there is a significant increase in the elongation, or strain, without corresponding increase in stress.

Answer 56

Yield Stress

Question 57

What is ASTM?

Answer 57

American Society for Testing and Materials