Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
(27 cards)
Texas Geography
Texas is the second largest state
Ranges from urban to rural and forest to desert
The states size complicates campaigning, encouraging disorganized, dramatic politics.
Texas Geography 2
The costs and benefits of geographic size
Represents limitless potential, escape
Shared culture important to Texans dispersed across such an extensive landscape
Resistant to needs and wishes of new arrivals
History: The Birth of Texas Traditions Native Americans
Caddo people, “Romans of Texas”
Karankawa tribe, Gulf coast
Coahuiltecan, southwest of Gulf Coast
Apache, Panhandle
History: The Birth of Texas Traditions French
René-Robert Cavelier
History: The Birth of Texas Traditions Spanish
Horses transformed Native American society
Suspicious of new arrivals
Established missions and forts
1795: prevention of US immigration
Mexican Independence
Mexican war of independence against Spain
Mexico authorized Anglo settlers
Illegal immigrants created problems for Mexico and empresarios
The Texas Revolution
Divisive issues regarding Texas’s split with Mexico
Political culture
Spanish as the official language
Slavery
The Texas Revolution
Divisive issues regarding Texas’s split with Mexico
Statehood or complete independence?
Tejanos: Mexican rule or Anglos?
Anglos: United against Mexican rule but disunited after
The Republic of Texas
Key Events
Sam Houston elected president
Constitution of the Republic of Texas ratified
Population doubled
The Republic of Texas
Key Events
Process of annexation by the United States started
Mirabeau Lamar, second president
Sam Houston elected president for the second time
The Republic of Texas
Key Events: Path to statehood
Objections to admitting another slave state
Extensive Texas land claim, north and west
Overtures to England and France
Texas Statehood
James K. Polk campaigns for Texas statehood
The U.S. Senate admits Texas
Formal statehood: February 19, 1846
North and west borders are redrawn
No legal, constitutional, right to secede
Texas Statehood
Mexican–American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Texas in the Confederacy
Increased reliance on and expansion of slavery
Vote to secede: February 1, 1861
Confederate regime targeted many
Reconstruction in Texas
The Emancipation Proclamation and “Juneteenth”
1866 Constitution
1869 Constitution included rights for freed slaves
The End of Reconstruction and Rise of the Redeemers
Democrat “Redeemers” regained control in 1872
Republican Gov. E. J. Davis centralized power
The 1875 constitutional convention
The End of Reconstruction and Rise of the Redeemers
The sixth constitution of the state of Texas
State government encouraged immigration
The era of the Texas Cowboy
Era of Reform
Populist and Progressive reforms
“Pa” Ferguson, and his impeachment
Prohibition of alcohol passed, but unworkable
Oil replaced cotton in Texas’s economy
Era of Reform
Rejection of the Women’s Voting Rights amendment
Rise of the lumber business
Development of 19,000 miles of highway
Introduction of fruit trees and migratory labor
The Great Depression and the New Deal in Texas
Hoover and economic depression
Farmers and oil overproduction
Notable state politicians
Transitions to the Twenty-First Century
School desegregation resisted until the 1970s.
In 1954, women won right to serve on juries.
Presidential republicanism
William P. Clements elected governor in 1978.
By 1996, Republicans won every statewide elected office.
Texas Today
Daniel Elazar’s political culture types
Individualism
Traditionalism
Moralism
Texas Today
Frontier heritage influence on criminal justice
Texas as a state versus nation
Deep South, Greater Appalachia, the Midlands, and El Norte
Texas culture
A Tradition of Change
How to handle projected growth? One of four “majority–minority” states Diversity of immigrants growing rapidly “The buckle of the Bible Belt” Agriculture now the smallest industry group
