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BIO121 > Chapter 1 Introduction to A and P > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Introduction to A and P Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera.

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2
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body.

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3
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of the structure and organization of the human body.

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4
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral.

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5
Q

What is the anterior cavity?

A

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity.

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6
Q

What is the appendicular region?

A

Arms and legs.

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7
Q

What is an atom?

A

Smallest and most fundamental unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

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8
Q

What is the axial region?

A

Head, neck, and trunk.

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9
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, blood vessels.

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10
Q

What are cells?

A

Smallest fundamental unit of life.

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11
Q

What is the cranial cavity?

A

Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain.

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12
Q

What is cytology?

A

Study of cells.

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13
Q

What does deep mean?

A

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body.

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14
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver.

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15
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

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16
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior.

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17
Q

What is the dorsal cavity?

A

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as the posterior body cavity.

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18
Q

What is an effector?

A

Organ that can cause a change in a value.

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19
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Hormone producing glands (e.g. thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, etc.).

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20
Q

What is the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus.

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21
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions.

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22
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to as macroscopic anatomy.

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23
Q

What is histology?

A

Study of tissues.

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24
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain.

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25
What does inferior mean?
Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal.
26
What is the integumentary system?
Skin, hair, and nails.
27
What does lateral mean?
Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body.
28
What is the lymphatic system?
Spleen, red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and tonsils.
29
What is a macromolecule?
Large molecule formed by combining smaller units called monomers.
30
What is the male reproductive system?
Prostate gland, testes.
31
What does medial mean?
Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body.
32
What is microscopic anatomy?
Study of very small structures of the body using magnification.
33
What is a molecule?
Chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond.
34
What is the muscular system?
Muscles.
35
What is negative feedback?
Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed.
36
What is the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
37
What is the normal range?
Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center.
38
What is an organ system?
Level of organization that consists of functionally related organs.
39
What is an organelle?
Small, membrane-bound structure that exists within cells and performs specialized functions.
40
What is an organism?
An individual living entity.
41
What is the pericardium?
Sac that encloses the heart.
42
What is the peritoneum?
Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there.
43
What is physiology?
The study of body function.
44
What is a plane in anatomy?
Imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body.
45
What is the pleura?
Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs.
46
What is positive feedback?
Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus.
47
What does posterior mean?
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal.
48
What is the posterior cavity?
Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity.
49
What does prone mean?
Face down.
50
What does proximal mean?
Describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.
51
What is regional anatomy?
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions.
52
What is the respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea, and lungs.
53
What is a section in anatomy?
In anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through.
54
What is a sensor (also, receptor)?
Reports a monitored physiological value to the control center.
55
What is serosa?
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane.
56
What is the spinal cavity?
Division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity.
57
What is a serous membrane?
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa.
58
What is a set point?
Ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis.
59
What is the skeletal system?
Cartilage, bones, and joints.
60
What does superficial mean?
Describes a position nearer to the surface of the body.
61
What does superior mean?
Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial.
62
What does supine mean?
Face up.
63
What is systemic anatomy?
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems.
64
What is the thoracic cavity?
Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea.
65
What is a tissue?
Group of similar cells carrying out the same function.
66
What is the transverse plane?
Two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions.
67
What is the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
68
What is the control center?
Compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector.
69
What does ventral mean?
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior.
70
What is the ventral cavity?
Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity.

BIO121 (1 decks)

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