Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Computer Interaction

Question 1

What is the meaning of HCI?

Answer 1

Human Computer Interaction

Question 2

This is discipline concerned with the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena around them.

Answer 2

Human Computer Interaction

Question 3

This is a set of processes, dialogues, and actions through which human user employs and interacts with the computer.

Answer 3

Human Computer Interaction

Question 4

True or False:
Computers are part of our daily lives. Our life is affected in way be computing

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False:
HCI is an important factor wen designing any of these interfaces.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False:
HCI principles should be consulted and considered to ensure safe, usable and efficient interface.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False:
HCI is not important consideration for any business that uses computers in their everyday operations.

Answer 7

False (It is important)

Question 8

True or False:
Well-designed usable systems ensure that staff are not frustrated during their work and as a result are more content and productive.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False:
HCI is not important in the design of safety critical system

Answer 9

False (it is especially Important)

Question 10

What are the examples that proves HCI is important in the design of safety critical system?

Answer 10

1. Power Plants
2. Air Control Centers

Question 11

What can be the outcome when there are Design errors?

Answer 11

Possibly resulting in the death of many people.

Question 12

True or False:
HCI is key consideration when designing systems that are not only usable, but also accessible to people with disabilities.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False:
HCI does not provide safe, usable, and efficient system for everyone.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

True or False:
Any system properly designed with HCI user-centered techniques and principle will also be maximally accessible to those with disabilities.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or False:
HCI principles and techniques is also very high priority for software development companies.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False:
If software is usable and causes frustration, no person will use the program by choice.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False:
A lot of computer users actually read the manual accompanying the software.

Answer 17

False (There are only very few computer users who read the manual)

Question 18

True or False:
Computer users expect to understand the main functionality of an average program.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or False:
HCI provides designers with the principles, techniques, and tools necessary to design effective interfaces that are obvious and easy to use and do not require training.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What are the things that shows the Importance of Human Computer Interaction?

Answer 20

1. In our daily life
2. In business and industry
3. Accessibility
4. Software Success
5. Untrained Users

Question 21

This importance when it comes to Human Computer Interaction is that computers are part of our daily lives and our live is affected in way by computing.

Answer 21

In our daily life

Question 22

This importance when it comes to Human Computer Interaction is that HCI is an important consideration for any business that uses computers in their everyday operation.

Answer 22

In business and industry

Question 23

This importance when it comes to Human Computer Interaction is that HCI is key consideration when designing systems that are not only usable, but also accessible to people with dissabilities.

Answer 23

Accessibility

Question 24

This importance when it comes to Human Computer Interaction is that Good use of HCI principle and techniques is not only important for the end-user, but also is a very high priority for software development companies.

Answer 24

Software Success

Question 25

This importance when it comes to Human Computer Interaction is that today, very few computer users actually read the manual accompanying the software, if one exists. Only very specialized and advanced program required training and an extensive manual.

Answer 25

Untrained Users

Question 26

This implication of HCI Economy talks about machines that can now work constantly without having a break and this leads to improving productivity.

Answer 26

Increase Autiomation

Question 27

This implication of HCI Economy talks about High technology devices can read date automatically making much easier, quicker, more accurate and reducing complexity than manual inputs.

Answer 27

Quicker and accurate inputs

Question 28

This implication of HCI Economy talks about shopping online is more convenient for user since they can purchase whatever they want without needing to leave their home.

Answer 28

Shop at Ease

Question 29

This implication of HCI Economy talks about allowing different companies to make a deal or talk about the business over the internet.

Answer 29

Mobile Communication

Question 30

This implication of HCI Economy talks about technologies like voice input, text to speech and thought input helps disable people to interact with the computer more efficiently and that affect to economy.

Answer 30

Specialized Interfaces

Question 31

What are the Implication of HCI Economy?

Answer 31

1. Increase Automation 2. Quicker and Accurate Inputs 3. Shop at Ease 4. Mobile Communication 5. Specialized Interfaces

Question 32

This Implication of HCI in Society talks about the way we communication is no longer limited to letters or face to face. Mobile technology has enabled people to communicate to anyone, anywhere, whenever they want.

Answer 32

Ease of Communication

Question 33

This Implication of HCI in Society talks about the latest electronics devices make sure the input and output process are as simple and easy for the users as possible.

Answer 33

Improved Usability

Question 34

This Implication of HCI in Society talks about High Technology devices allow people with disabilities to help themselves without much help from anyone.

Answer 34

Specialized Interface

Question 35

True or False: Mobile Technology has enabled people to communicate to anyone, anywhere, whenever they want.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What are the examples of user friendly devices?

Answer 36

1. Touch Screens 2. Voice Recognition 3. Motion Sensing Controller

Question 37

What are the Implication of HCI in Society?

Answer 37

1. Ease of Communication 2. Improved Usability 3. Specialized Interface

Question 38

This Implication of HCI in Culture talks about everyone gets a chance to learn about other cultures and traditions.

Answer 38

Improved Social Aspect

Question 39

This Implication of HCI in Culture talks about computers and smartphones can now help to translate other languages just typing or saying words.

Answer 39

Minimized Language Barriers

Question 40

This Implication of HCI in Culture talks about enabling people to communicate without having to be connected to something by a wire.

Answer 40

Developing Living Standards

Question 41

This Implication of HCI in Culture talks about work is when one's job is replaced with a machine

Answer 41

Deskilling

Question 42

What are the Implication of HCI in Culture?

Answer 42

1. Improved Social Aspect 2. Minimized Language Barriers 3. Developing Living Standards 4. Deskilling

Question 43

This advantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about technology advances allow people find a more efficient way of doing things and these processes deliver positive results.

Answer 43

Discoveries in all Industries

Question 44

This advantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about that technology is possible to improve processes and execute new ways of carrying out tasks

Answer 44

Cost Efficiency

Question 45

This advantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about the access to relevant information anytime, anywhere has become common place.

Answer 45

Easy to access information

Question 46

This advantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about communication is like water for life, we cannot develop without communication.

Answer 46

Better Communication

Question 47

This advantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about modern transportation technologies make it very easy to travel over long distances.

Answer 47

Improvement in way of travelling

Question 48

What are the advantages of Human Computer Interaction?

Answer 48

1. Discoveries in all industries 2. Easy to access information 3. better Communication 4. Cost Efficiency 5. Improvement in way of travelling

Question 49

This disadvantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about modern technologies has been the great ally in the increase and permanence of many ways and conflicts. Technology helps in the manufacture of modern war weapons that require testing.

Answer 49

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Question 50

This disadvantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about people spending more time playing, video games, learning how to use modern technologies using social networks and surfing the internet, ignoring their real lives.

Answer 50

Social Isolation

Question 52

This disadvantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about people begin to rely more on computers and other forms of technology for their daily existence.

Answer 52

Dependency

Question 53

This disadvantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about technology advances in industries and jobs, human workers have less value.

Answer 53

Lower-value of human workers

Question 54

This disadvantage of Human Computer Interaction talks about increased dependence on modern tools, such as calculators, has reduced creativity.

Answer 54

Reduction of Creativity and change in reasoning

Question 55

This is an independent, non- governmental, international organization that develops standards to ensure the quality , safety, and efficiency of products, services, and systems.

Answer 55

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Question 56

This is the quality model established in the first part of the standard that classifies software quality in a structured set of characteristics.

Answer 56

ISO Usability Standard 9241

Question 57

What are the Six Characteristics that is mentioned in the ISO Usability Standard 9241?

Answer 57

1. Functionality 2. Reliability 3. Usability 4. Efficiency 5. Maintainability 6. Portability

Question 58

This characteristic is a set of attributes that bear on the existence of a set of function and their specified properties.

Answer 58

Functionality

Question 59

This characteristic is a set if attributes that bear on the capability of software to maintain its level of performance under stated conditions for a stated period of time

Answer 59

Reliability

Question 60

This characteristic is a set of attributes that bear on the effort needed for use, and on the individual assessment of such use, by a stated or implied set of users

Answer 60

Usability

Question 61

This characteristic is is a set of attributes that bear on the relationship between the level of performance of the software and the amount of resources used, under stated conditions

Answer 61

Efficiency

Question 62

This characteristic is a set of attributes that bear on the effort needed to make specified modifications

Answer 62

Maintainability

Question 63

This characteristic is a set of attributes that bear on the ability of software to be transferred from one environment to another.

Answer 63

Portability

Question 64

What are the disadvantages of human computer interaction

Answer 64

1. Weapons of Mass Destruction 2. Social Isolation 3. Dependency 4. Lower-value of human workers 5. Reduction of creativity and change in reasoning

Question 65

This talks about interaction with a computer, the human input is the data output by the computer vice versa.

Answer 65

Input-Output Channels

Question 66

What are the most important senses in HCI?

Answer 66

Vision Hearing Touch Movement

Question 67

This is used to store information which is only required fleetingly. It can also be accessed rapidly, however also decays immediately

Answer 67

Short-term memory

Question 68

This has an unlimited capacity, a slow access time and forgetting occurs more slowly or not at all.

Answer 68

Long-Term memory

Question 69

There are two types of Long Term Memory, what are they?

Answer 69

1. Episodic Memory 2. Semantic Memory

Question 70

This represents our memory of event and experiences in a serial form.

Answer 70

Episodic memory

Question 71

This is structured record of facts, concepts, and skills that we have acquired, derived from the episodic memory

Answer 71

Semantic Memory

Question 72

This is the process by which we use the knowledge we have to draw conclusions.1

Answer 72

Reasoning

Question 73

There are three different types of reasoning, what are they?

Answer 73

1. Deduction 2. Induction 3. Abduction

Question 74

This derives the logically necessary conclusion from the given premises

Answer 74

Deduction Reasoning

Question 75

This is generalizing from cases we have seen to infer information about cases we have not seen.

Answer 75

Induction Reasoning

Question 76

This is from a fact to the action or state that caused it.

Answer 76

Abduction Reasoning

Question 77

This is the process of finding the solution to an unfamiliar taste, using the knowledge that we have

Answer 77

Problem Solving

Question 78

This states that problem solving is both productive and reproductive; insight is needed to solve problem

Answer 78

Gestalt Theory

Question 79

This comprises problem states and problem solving involves generating these states using legal stat transition operators

Answer 79

Problem Space Theory

Question 80

This are problems are solved by mapping knowledge relating to a similar known domain to the new problem

Answer 80

Use of Analogy

Question 81

This talks about according to the ATC Model, skills are acquired through various levels.

Answer 81

Skills Acquisition

Question 82

This talks about changes in context of skilled behavior can cause errors. An incorrect understanding of a situation can cause errors too.

Answer 82

Errors and Mental Models.

Question 83

What are the different views of problem solving?

Answer 83

1. Gestalt Theory 2. Problem Space Theory 3. Use of Analogy 4. Skills Acquisition 5. Errors and Mental Models

Question 84

This talks about our body responds biologically to an external stimulus and we interpret that in some ways as particular emotion.

Answer 84

Emotion

Question 85

This talks about the principles and properties discussed apply to the majority of people, but humans are not all the same.

Answer 85

Individual differences

Question 86

This talks about interaction (with or without computers) is a process of information transfer

Answer 86

Computer

Question 87

This is a text-entry device that has a string of characters containing both letters (A-Z) and numbers (0-9

Answer 87

Alphanumeric Keyboard

Question 88

This is a text-entry device that has only a few keys to be used. Letters are produce by pressing multiple keys at once

Answer 88

Chord Keyboard

Question 89

This is a text-entry device that has numeric keys on a cell phone can be pressed more than once to enter letters.

Answer 89

Phone pad and T9 entry

Question 90

Most phones have 2 keypad modes, what are they?

Answer 90

1. Numeric Mode 2. Alphanumeric Mode

Question 91

This is a text-entry device that deals mostly worth stroke information: the way in which the letter is drawn.

Answer 91

Handwriting Recognition

Question 92

True or False: Handwriting Recognition has the advantages of size and accuracy over small keyboards and are therefore often used in mobile computing

Answer 92

True

Question 93

This is a text-entry device that is relatively low even, for restricted vocabulary. Adjusting the system for use with natural language gives birth to even more problems: the 'error' in natural language use, different voices, emotions and accents, etc.

Answer 93

Speech Recognition

Question 94

What are the different Text-entry devices?

Answer 94

1. Alphanumeric Keyboards 2. Chord Keyboards 3. Phone pad and T9 entry 4. Handwriting Recognition 5. Speech Recognition

Question 95

This is an indirect device, because a transformation is required to map from the horizontal nature of the desktop to the vertical alignment of the screen.

Answer 95

The Mouse

Question 96

These are touch-sensitive tablets, operated by sliding the finger over it and are mostly used in notebook computers.

Answer 96

Touchpad

Question 97

This is an upside-down mouse: instead of moving the devices itself, the ball is rolled to move the cursor.

Answer 97

Trackball

Question 98

What are the two types of joystick?

Answer 98

1. Absolute Sticks 2. Isometric Sticks

Question 99

These are tiny joysticks that sometimes used on notebook computers.

Answer 99

Keyboard Nipple

Question 100

It is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling.

Answer 100

Joystick

Question 101

This detect the position of the user's finger or stylus on the screen itself and are there fore very direct.

Answer 101

Touch Sensitive Screens or Touchscreen

Question 102

This is for more accurate positioning, systems with touch sensitive surfaces often imply a stylus

Answer 102

Stylus and lightpen

Question 103

This is a device used for freehand drawing

Answer 103

Digitizing tablet

Question 104

This allows you to control the computer by looking at it, while wearing special glasses, hear mounted boxes, etc.

Answer 104

Eyegaze

Question 105

This is for 2D-navigation, cursor keys can sometimes preferable. The same goes for remote-control and cellphones.

Answer 105

Cursor keys and Discrete Positioning

Question 106

What are the devices that are for Positioning?

Answer 106

1. Mouse 2. Touchpad 3. Trackball and Thumbwheel 4. Joystick and Keyboard Nipple 5. Touch Sensitive Screens (Touchscreens) 6. Stylus and Lightpen 7. Digitizing Tablet 8. Eyegaze 9.Cursor keys and Discrete Positioning

Question 107

This offer less usability, because they can only manipulate the horizontal and vertical movement of the cursor.

Answer 107

Thumbwheel

Question 108

This means that display is made of fixed number of dots or pixels in rectangular grid.

Answer 108

Bitmaps Display, Resolution and Color (Bitmap-Base)

Question 109

This is the perception of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch information entering through the sensory cortices of the brain and relaying through the thalamus.

Answer 109

Sensory Memory

Question 110

This device talks about in LCD's a thin layer of liquid crystal is sandwiched between two glass plates. External lights pass through the top plate and are polarized. This passes through the crystal and is reflected back to the user's eye

Answer 110

Technologies

Question 111

This devices talks about some displays use gas-plasma technology. Projector is possible too. LCD-projectors have small screen through which lights is projected on screen

Answer 111

Large Display and Situated Displays

Question 112

These are thin flexible paper material that can be written to electronically, but keep its contents when removed from the power supply.

Answer 112

Digital Papers

Question 113

What are the different Display Devices

Answer 113

1. Bitmaps display, resolution and color 2. Technologies 3. Large displays and Situated Displays 4. Digital Papers

Question 114

This talks about human can use a 4D environment with a 2D device(mouse). The human mind is there for capable of handling multiple degrees of indrection

Answer 114

Positioning in 3D

Question 115

This talks about 3D can be displayed on normal screen using shadows, depth, etc.

Answer 115

3D Displays

Question 116

This is where the VR World is projected around the user.

Answer 116

VR Cave

Question 117

True or False: If the VT System performances too slow, and there is a delay between movement and image, disorientation and sickness may occur.

Answer 117

True

Question 118

There are numerous other display devices such as LED's, and head-up display

Answer 118

Special Display

Question 119

What are the devices for virtual reality and 3D interaction?

Answer 119

Positioning in 3D 3D Displays

Question 120

This device talks about having sounds confirms a right action, we can speedup interaction

Answer 120

Sound Output

Question 121

This are Haptic device that are various forms of force, resistance and texture influencing our physical senses.

Answer 121

Touch, feel and smell

Question 122

This is not only the function of controls. but also the physical design is important and needs to suit the situation in which it used.

Answer 122

Physical Controls

Question 123

This talks about many sensors in our environment monitor our behavior. Their measurement ranges from temperature and movement to the user's emotional states

Answer 123

Environment and Bio-sensing

Question 124

This talks about the most common printers nowadays are dot based. In order of increasing resolution, familiar types are dot matrix printers, inkjet printers and laser printers.

Answer 124

Printing

Question 125

This talks about some printers print ASCII-Characters and bitmaps 'by itself'. May more complex documents are translated into suitable bitmaps by the computer.

Answer 125

Fonts and page description languages

Question 126

This talks about many differences (like size, color depth, resolution, etc.) between a paper print and a computer monitor, which causes problems when designing software.

Answer 126

Screen and Page

Question 127

This talks about how it shines a beam of light at the page and record the intensity and color of the reflection. The resolution of the scanner can differ highly between types.

Answer 127

Scanner and Optical Character Recognition

Question 128

What are the Paper: printing and scanning devices?

Answer 128

1. Printing 2. Fonts and page description languages 3. Screen and Page 4.Scanner and Optical Character Recognition

Question 129

Most current active information is held in this part and it is volatile which means its contents are lost when the power is turned off.

Answer 129

Random Access Memory (RAM) Short Term Memory (STM)

Question 130

There are 2 main techniques used in disks, what are they?

Answer 130

1. Magnetic Disks 2. Optical Disks

Question 131

What are the examples of Magnetic Disks?

Answer 131

1. Floppy 2. Hard Disk 3. Tape

Question 132

What are the examples of Optical Disks?

Answer 132

1. CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) 2. DVD ( “digital video disc” or “digital versatile disc.”)

Question 133

Compare to a RAM, this part is rather slow.

Answer 133

Long Term Memory

Question 134

This talks about the capacity of RAM is limited and therefore multitasks-systems then to swap background-running programs from RAM to the hard disks.

Answer 134

Understanding Speed and Capacity

Question 135

This technique can be reduced the amount of storage required for text, bitmaps, and video.

Answer 135

Compression

Question 136

This is the basic standard for text storage is the ASCII character codes. UNICODE is an extended version of this system and can also code for foreign characters.

Answer 136

Storage format and standards

Question 137

This standard database access is by special key fields with an associated index. The user has to know the key before the system can find information.

Answer 137

Method of Access

Question 138

What are the things that are mentioned in the Memory Section in the module?

Answer 138

1. RAM and Short Term Memory 2. Disks and Long Term Memory 3. Understanding speed and capacity 4. Compression 5. Storage format and Standards 6. Method of Access

Question 139

This talks about the processing speed of an interactive system can affect the user by being too slow or too fast.

Answer 139

Effect of Finite processor speed

Question 140

This talks about the several factors that can limit the speed of an interactive system. They can be: computation bound, storage channel bound, graphic bound and network capacity.

Answer 140

Limitations on Interactive Performance

Question 141

This talks about Network systems have an effect on interactivity, because the large distance may cause a noticeable delay in response from the system.

Answer 141

Network Computing

Question 142

What are the things that are mention in Processing and Networks

Answer 142

1. Effects of Finite Processor Speed 2. Limitations on Interactive Performance 3. Network Computing

Question 143

Terms of Interaction: Aid the user in accomplishing goals from some application domain

Answer 143

Purpose of an interactive system

Question 144

Terms of Interaction: An area of expertise and knowledge in some real-world activity

Answer 144

Domain

Question 145

Terms of Interaction: Operations to manipulate the concepts of a domain

Answer 145

Task

Question 146

Terms of Interaction: Desired output from a performed tasks

Answer 146

Goal

Question 147

Terms of Interaction: Specification required to meet the goal

Answer 147

Intention

Question 148

Terms of Interaction: Identification of the problem space for the user of an interactive system in terms of domain, goals, intention and tasks.

Answer 148

Task Analysis

Question 149

Terms of Interaction: Core Language describes computational attributes of the domain relevant to the system state.

Answer 149

System's Language

Question 150

Terms of Interaction: Task language, describes psychological attributes of the domain relevant to the user state.

Answer 150

User's Language

Question 151

Terms of Interaction: Computerized Application

Answer 151

System

Question 152

This the plan formulated by the user that is execute by the computer. When finished, the user evaluates the results and determines the further action

Answer 152

The Execution-Evaluation Cycle

Question 153

This talks about the user-side that communication is in task-languages and on the system side, in core language

Answer 153

The Interaction Framework

Question 154

This talks about the user side of the interface, covering both input and output and the user's immediate context

Answer 154

Ergonomics

Question 155

What are the things mentioned about Frameworks and HCI

Answer 155

* Ergonomics * Dialog Design and Interface Styles * Presentation and Screen Design

Question 156

This study of the physical characteristics of the interaction.

Answer 156

Ergonomics

Question 157

True or False: Ergonomics contribution to HCI is in determining constraints on the way we designing systems and suggesting detailed and specification guidelines and standards.

Answer 157

True

Question 158

This provides a mean of expressing instructions to the computer directly using function keys, single characters, abbreviations or whole word commands

Answer 158

Command Line Interface

Question 159

This are a set of options available for the user and it is displayed on the screen. This can be presented text-based and graphical

Answer 159

Menus

Question 160

This talks about the ambiguity of natural language makes it very hard for a machine to understand.

Answer 160

Natural Language

Question 161

This talks about the user asking a series of questions and so is led through the interaction step by step.

Answer 161

Question/Answer and Query Dialog

Question 162

This talks about the primarily used for data entry but can also be useful in data retrieval applications

Answer 162

Form-fills and spread sheets

Question 163

This is the default interface style for the majority of computer systems today.

Answer 163

The WIMP Interface

Question 164

What is the meaning of WIMP

Answer 164

Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointers

Question 165

This is closely related to the WIMP-Style: pointing and clicking are the only action required to access information

Answer 165

Point-and-click interfaces

Question 166

This is the simplest technique where ordinary WIMP elements are given a 3D appearance. A more complex technique uses interfaces with 3D workspace.

Answer 166

Three-Dimensional Interfaces

Question 167

What is the most complex 3D workspace

Answer 167

Virtual Reality or VR

Question 168

These are areas on the screen that behave as if they were independent terminals in there own right

Answer 168

Windows

Question 169

This is a small picture used to represent a closed window

Answer 169

Icons

Question 170

These are nothing more that small bitmap images with a hotspot: location which they point

Answer 170

Pointers

Question 171

This represents a choice of operations or services that can be performed by the system of a given time.

Answer 171

Menus

Question 172

These are individual and isolated regions within display that can be selected by the user to invoke a specific action

Answer 172

Buttons

Question 173

This is mostly equivalent to menus, except for that a toolbar can also hold buttons

Answer 173

Toolbars

Question 174

These are mechanism for making the set of possible modes and the active

Answer 174

Palettes

Question 175

These are information windows used by the system to bring the user's attention to some important information

Answer 175

Dialog Boxes

Question 176

True or False: The presence of other people in a work environment affects the performance of the worker in any tasks for example, by 'competition-behaviour'. A well-designed system, however, may also work motivating on the user.

Answer 176

True

Question 177

True or False: It is no longer sufficient that users can use a system; they have to want to use it as well.

Answer 177

True

Question 178

What are the experience engagement and fun?

Answer 178

* Understanding Experience * Designing Experience * Physical Design and Engagement * Managing Value