chapter 1: introduction to ochem

Question 1

what is organic chemistry

Answer 1

the study of the structure,properties and carbon-related compounds

Question 2

what row of elements tends to gain, lose, share electrons

Answer 2

second row

Question 3

what do shared electrons count towards

Answer 3

satisfying the octet rule for the atoms

Question 4

what is equal sharing called

Answer 4

non-polar covalent bond

Question 5

what is unequal sharing

Answer 5

polar covalent bond

Question 6

which atom is tetravalent

Answer 6

carbon

Question 7

which atom is trivalent

Answer 7

nitrogen

Question 8

what atom is divalent

Answer 8

oxygen

Question 9

which atoms are monovalent

Answer 9

halogen and hydrogen

Question 10

what row of elements can have an expanded row of octets

Answer 10

third row elements, P, CL

Question 11

what is formal charge

Answer 11

electrons that are owned by each atom in a structure

Question 12

what is the formula for formal charge

Answer 12

of electrons- bonds- lp

Question 13

what must you always inthe include when drawing a stucture

Answer 13

the charge

Question 14

what is induction

Answer 14

the electron density is leaning towards the more EN atom especially in a polar bond

Question 15

what row can have expanded octets

Answer 15

the third row

Question 16

what is the electron configuration of carbon

Answer 16

1S2, 2S2 2p2

Question 17

what are the diatomic molecules

Answer 17

H2,O2,Br2, Cl2, I2

Question 18

what bonds are considered non polar

Answer 18

C-H bonds

Question 19

what geometry does water have

Answer 19

bent

Question 20

what do you have to do with bonds to satisfy the octets in the lewis structure

Answer 20

Multiple Bonding

Question 21

does bonding increase or lower the energy

Answer 21

lowers the energy to maximize the attractive electrostatic interactions

Question 22

for molecules with multiple polar bonds what is the dipole moment

Answer 22

the vector sum of all the individual bond dipoles

Question 23

what is a wave function

Answer 23

describe the 3d wave like behavior of electrons

Question 24

what is an atomic orbital

Answer 24

region in an atom where we expect to find an electron of a specific energy with high probability

Question 25

the sign of the wave is also known as what

Answer 25

the PHASE

Question 26

when does a node appear

Answer 26

when the wave changes sign ( - to + or + to -)

Question 27

how many lobes does p orbital have

Answer 27

2 lobes separated by a nodal plane and there is 0 probability because the signs are in the opposite direction

Question 28

what is the valence bond theory

Answer 28

covalent bond is formed when atomic orbitals (SPDF) overlap either with two half filled or one filled and one empty

Question 29

what happens when two p orbitals overlap

Answer 29

- a sigma bond can occur (directly between the nuclei)

Question 30

what overlap produces a pi bond

Answer 30

a side by side overlap

Question 31

what can be used to predict molecular geometry

Answer 31

VSEPR

Question 32

what is the electron geometry and angle for sp3 hybdrids

Answer 32

- tetrahedral - 109.5 degrees

Question 33

what orbitals are lower than the standard atomic orbitals

Answer 33

hybrid orbitals because the electron pairs are maximally spaced and they maximize electron density between nuclei

Question 34

all single bonds are WHATTT????

Answer 34

sigma bonds

Question 35

what happens when you increase bond order

Answer 35

a decrease in bond length and (triple bond is more stronger than a single bond)

Question 36

what is the molecular theory

Answer 36

Molecular orbitals are formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals from different atoms

Question 37

the number of MOs =

Answer 37

the number of AOs

Question 38

what do intermolecular forces determine

Answer 38

the solubility properties of organc compounds