Chapter 1: Introduction to social psychology Flashcards
(56 cards)
Social psychology can be defined as the ________ study of the ________ of individuals in social situations.
scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
Which of the following Supreme Court rulings was heavily influenced by social psychological research?
Brown v. Board of Education
“Absence makes the heart grow fonder” and “out of sight, out of mind” are both common sayings. A(n) ________ is most likely to conduct an experiment to identify the conditions or situations under which each of these assertions is accurate.
social psychologist
Sandra thinks that smiling a lot during a job interview increases a person’s chances of getting a job offer. The main difference between Sandra’s folk theory and social psychological theories is that social psychological theories are
tested using the scientific method.
Social psychologists differ from personality psychologists because social psychologists tend to
examine the influence of situations on behaviors.
Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the goals of social psychology?
understanding how personality traits predispose people to respond to major events in their lives
Jacquie and Karen are both interested in the topic of divorce. Jacquie is a social psychologist and Karen is a sociologist. Compared to Karen, which of the following questions is Jacquie most likely to ask?
Why does infidelity lead to divorce?
Which of the following phenomena best illustrates the relationship between social influence and behavior?
cycling faster when people are watching you (as opposed to when you are alone)
Kurt Lewin’s concept, the field of forces, emphasizes that ________ underlie(s) much of human behavior.
the characteristics of a situation
Kurt Lewin, the founder of modern social psychology, argued that the effects of psychological forces can be understood in the same way that ________ forces are understood.
physical
Research on ________ suggests it is ________ for people to assume that dispositions are the underlying causes of most behaviors.
the fundamental attribution error; common
The classic Milgram study showed that about ________ percent of participants delivered ________ to the “learner.”
60; a 450-volt shock (highest possible)
According to social psychologists, which of the following conditions is most likely to make someone do what an authority figure says to do-even if it involves hurting someone?
when people can hold an authority figure responsible for his or her actions
The “Good Samaritan” study conducted by Darley and Batson (1973) examined helping behavior in seminary students at Princeton University. Results of this study showed that
the nature of participants’ religious orientations did not predict helping behavior; only being rushed or not predicted helping.
Your waiter seems to be doing everything wrong. If you assume his behavior is caused primarily by ________, your assumption is consistent with the fundamental attribution error.
his disposition
Which of the following scenarios is LEAST consistent with the fundamental attribution error?
When someone talks loudly to his or her friend on the bus, you think to yourself, “This person might be talking to someone who has a hearing problem.”
The president of a fraternity wants to increase the number of fraternity members who volunteer for nonprofit organizations in the community. Which of the following strategies would BEST fit with Kurt Lewin’s concept of channel factors?
leave information about when and how members might volunteer on the counter
Which of the following concepts is most relevant to people who want to get someone to act on his or her intentions?
channel factors
Marco, a physics major, and Tim, a social work major, always take the bus together to school. According to Darley and Batson’s “Good Samaritan” study, how are Marco and Tim likely to behave?
Marco is more likely to help the women given that he does not have to rush to a midterm.
What do the results of the “Milgram Experiment” and Darley and Batson’s “Good Samaritan” study have in common?
They both highlight the power of the situation in determining behavior.
________ psychology stresses the fact that objects are perceived by active, usually unconscious, interpretations of what the object represents as a whole.
Gestalt
The term construal refers to
a personal interpretation about situations and other people’s behaviors.
Which of the following statements is true of schemas?
They are elaborate collections of systematized knowledge.
Pro-affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to ________, whereas anti-affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to ________.
diversity; fairness
