Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards
(70 cards)
The issue of whether children are simply at the mercy of the environment (P child) or actively influence their own development through their own unique individual characteristic (A child).
Active-Passive Child Issue
Uses developmental research to promote healthy development, particularly for vulnerable children and families
Applied developmental science
detailed, systematic observations of individual children.
baby biographies
A prepared list of behaviours or characteristics to be noted, usually in observational research
Checklist
In Bronfenbrenner’s systems view, the idea that the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem are not static but change over time
Chronosystem
First described by Ivan Pavlov, who showed that a previously neutral stimulus could become associated with a naturally occurring response and eventually come to elicit a similar response on its own
classical conditioning
An approach to development that focuses on how children think and on how their thinking changes over time
Cognitive-Developmental Perspective
A specific generation or group of people (eg, a class or school grade) undergoing the same experiences at the same time
Cohort
When two forms of measurement correspond or concur, such as scores on questionnaires with those on a test of the same factor.
Concurrent Validity
When a test measures the theoretical construct it is supposed to be measuring
Construct Validity
An issue concerned with whether a developmental phenomenon follows a smooth progression throughout the life span or a series of abrupt shits
Continuity-versus-discontinuity issue
A statistic that reveals the strength and direction of the relation between two variables
Correlation coefficient
A research design in which investigators look at relations between variables as they exist naturally in the world.
Correlational Study
A time in development when a specific type of learning can take place; before or after the ________________, the same learning is difficult or even impossible
Critical Period
A research design in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time
Cross-sectional Study
The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour associated with a group of people.
Culture
An explanation by the researcher of the purposes of the experiment after its completion. The participant is given as full an explanation as possible, in wording appropriate to his or her level of understanding.
Debriefing
The behaviour that is observed after other variables are manipulated.
Dependent Variable
A theory in which the environment is divided into five components: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem. Urie Bronfenbrenner
Theory of Ecological Systems
According to Freud, the rational component of the personality that develops during the first few years of life
Ego
A theory in which development is seen from an evolutionary perspective and behaviours are examined for their survival value.
Ethological Theory
According to Bronfenbrenner, social settings that influence ones’ development even though one does not experience them firsthand
Exosystem
A systematic way of manipulating factors that a researcher thinks cause a particular behaviour
Experiment
A type of experiment in which the researcher manipulates independent variables in a natural setting so that the results are more likely to be representative of behaviour in real-world settings.
Field Experiment
