Chapter 1 logic Quiz

Question 1

What is an argument, what does in contain?

Answer 1

A claim and support. Each argument has a premise (reason) and a conclusion. You can only have one conclusion, and atleast one premise.

Question 2

Inductive reasoning?

Answer 2

Specific to general, given examples and predicting the conclusion.

Question 3

Deductive reasoning?

Answer 3

From GENERAL to specific, coming to a conclusion by cancelling out other possibilities.

Question 4

a valid argument is…

Answer 4

Premises don’t have to be factual but they guarantee conclusion.

Question 5

An invalid argument…

Answer 5

Premises don’t guarantee conclusion.

Question 6

strong argument (inductive)…

Answer 6

More facts presented

Question 7

Weak argument (inductive)…

Answer 7

Less facts presented.

Question 8

Idols of the tribe

Answer 8

Flaws in reasoning shared by everyone

Question 9

Idol of the cave

Answer 9

Perception by our personal experiences

Question 10

Idols of the marketplace

Answer 10

Inappropriate language use.

Question 11

Idols of the theatre?

Answer 11

Blind acceptance of systems knowledge.

Question 12

Law of identity

Answer 12

Something is what it is. That rose is a rose.

Question 13

Law of non contradiction

Answer 13

Preposition cannot be true and false at the same time

Question 14

Law of excluded middle

Answer 14

Either true or not, no maybes.

Question 15

Sufficient reason

Answer 15

Everything has a reason or cause.

Question 16

Ockham’s Razor

Answer 16

Choosing simplest explanation when trying to determine which theory seems most true.

Question 17

Hasty Generalization

Answer 17

Quickly generalizing based on insufficient evidence

Question 18

Ad hominem / Attack on the person

Answer 18

Attacking person not argument

Question 19

Attack on motive

Answer 19

Attacks motive of the person rather than argument

Question 20

Bandwagon Argument

Answer 20

Bases argument on overall popularity

Question 21

Straw man

Answer 21

Misconstruing someone elses argument

Question 22

Appeal to ignorance

Answer 22

Asserts a preposition is true because it has not yet been proven false.

Question 23

Begging the question

Answer 23

Conclusion is assumed in premise. Rhetorical question.

Question 24

Equivocation

Answer 24

Misleading use of a term with more than one meaning or sense

Question 25

Loaded term

Answer 25

Mis defining a term to help your debate

Question 26

Loaded Question

Answer 26

Has a built in assumption.

Question 27

Slippery Slope

Answer 27

Future assumptions consist of a weak link.

Question 28

Questionable cause

Answer 28

Just because one event follows the other doesn't mean it caused the other.

Question 29

Non sequitur / Irrelevant reason

Answer 29

Premise is not relevant to the conclusion.

Question 30

Accident

Answer 30

Applying a general rule to a specific situation which one wouldn't want the rule to apply

Question 31

Converse accident

Answer 31

Applying a specific rule to a general situation

Question 32

Appeal to pity

Answer 32

Facts are disregarded and pity is aroused to gain sympathy

Question 33

Faulty Analogy

Answer 33

Characteristics that are prescribed to one don't have to do with the other

Question 34

What is the logic and philosophy of science?

Answer 34

Study of formal reasoning, what is a valid argument vs what is a fallacy