Chapter 1 Making Buildings Flashcards
(25 cards)
design/bid/build project
the owner first hires a team of architects and engineers to perform design services, leading to the creation of construction documents that comprehensively describe the facility to be built. next, construction firms are invited to bid on the project. each bidding firm reviews the construction firms are invited to bid on the project. each bidding firm reviews the construction documents and proposes a cost to construct the facility. the owner evaluates the submitted proposals and awards the construction contract to the bidder deemed most suitable. this selection may be based on bid price alone or other factors related to bidders’ qualifications may also be considered. construction documents then become part of the construction contract and the selected firm proceeds with the work.
general contractor
coordinates and oversees the construction process but frequently relying on smaller, more specialized subcontractors to perform significant portions or even all of the work itself
design/build
delivery, the owner contracts with two entities, and design and construction responsibility for both design and construction. this project begins with the owner developing a conceptual design or program that describes the functional or performance requirements of the proposed facility but does not detail its form or how it is to be constructed. next using this conceptual information, a design/build organization is selected to complete the design and construction of the project
construction manager
participates in the project prior to the onset of construction, introducing construction expertise during the design stage
turnkey construction
owner contracts with a single entity that provides not only design and construction services but financing for the project as well
single purpose entity
owner, architect, contractor are all joint members
fixed-fee/lump-sum compensation
general contractor or other construction entity is paid a fixed dollar amount to complete the construction of a project regardless of that entity’s actual costs to perform the work… the owner begins construction with a known, fixed cost and assumes minimal risk for unanticipated cost increases… construction contractor assumes most of the risk of unforeseen costs but also stands to gain from potential savings… fixed-fee is most suitable to projects where the scope of the construction work is well defined when the construction fee is set, as is the case, for example, with design/bid/build construction
guaranteed maximum price
max fee that the owner may be required to pay … once compensation reaches guaranteed max, the owner is no longer required to make additional payments and the contractor assumes responsibility for all additional costs
incentive provisions
can be used to more closely align owner and contractor interests.. Ex: in simple cost plus a fee construction, there may be an incentive for a contractor to add costs to a project, as these added costs will generate added fees. to eliminate such a counter-productive incentive, a bonus fee or profit-sharing provision can provide for some portion of construction cost savings to be returned to the contractor - contractor and owner jointly share in the benefits of reduced construction cost
surety bonds
another form of legal instruments used to manage financial risks of construction, most frequently with publicly financed or very large projects. the purpose of a surety bond is to protect an owner from the risks of default, such as bankruptcy, by the construction contractor
performance bond
to assure completion of the construction
payment bond
to assure full payment to suppliers and subcontractors
sequential construction
each major phase in the design and construction of a building is completed before the next phase begins and construction does not start until all design work has been completed .. often associated with design/bid/build
phased construction (fast track)
aims to reduce the time required to complete a project by overlapping the design and construction of various project parts
Gantt (or bar) chart
series of horizontal bars represents the duration of various tasks or groups of tasks that make up the project
critical path
sequence of activities that determines the least amount of time in which a project can be completed
float
more flexibility in scheduling
critical path method
technique for analyzing collections of activities and optimizing the project schedule to minimize the duration and cost of a project - requires detailed breakdown of the work involved in a project and the identification of dependencies among the parts
five schedule classes
degree of project definition in schedule is described by - class 1 - provides highest degree of project definition such as that needed for project bidding and costing, class 3 - relies on a medium degree - project budgeting, class 5 - least project definition - early conceptual work
schedule levels
define amount of detail provided within the construction schedule
rolling (look-ahead) schedules
day to day processes extending a limited number of weeks or months into the future are described, are examples of level 4 schedules
integrated project delivery
major parties - including at least the design team, construction team and owner group - share mutually the responsibilities, decision making and financial risks and rewards of the project
lean construction
such methods attempt to reduce complexity, eliminate wasteful activities, structure the supply of materials and methods of production to achieve the quickest and most reliable workflow, decentralize info and decision making to put control of processes into the hands of those most familiar with the work and most capable of improving it
building info modeling
three dimensional and intelligent, components represented geometrically, spatially and are linked to data describing their intrinsic properties and relationships to other components - object based and parametric
