Chapter 1: Matter And Energy Flashcards
Mass
A measure of how much matter an object contains
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Energy
The capacity to transfer heat or the capacity to do work
Chemistry
The study of composition, structure, & properties of matter and of the energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes change
Pure Substance (or substance)
Same physical and chemical properties throughout. Have distinctive properties. Cannot be separated physically
Physical Process
Transformation of a sample of matter that does not alter its chemical identity
Ex) change in physical state
Ex) filtration
Mixture
Contains one or more pure substances that cannot be separated chemically but can be separated physically.
They are not in definite proportion
(Heterogeneous mixtures and solutions are both mixtures)
Ex)salad dressing, salt water, vinegar
Homogeneous Mixture
No visible regions or boundaries. It is the same physically and chemically throughout.
Ex) koolaid
Solution
Same as homogeneous mixture. They are usually liquids but may also be solids or gases
Heterogeneous Mixture
Can see the components of the mixture clearly
Ex) oil and water
Ex) iron schillings in water
Element
Pure substance that cannot be reduced chemically.
Ex) oxygen, O2
Ex) gold, Au
Compound
A pure substance consisting of two or more elements in a definite proportion. It can only be separated chemically.
Law of Constant Composition
All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element
Molecule
Multiple atoms bonded together chemically in characteristic proportions
Chemical Formula
Representation of elements and compounds using symbol of elements and subscripts to indicate number of atoms in each element in one molecule
Ex) H2O
Chemical Equation
Representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas. Reactants and products.
Chemical Reaction
The transformation of one or more substances into different substances. Represented by chemical formulas.
Chemical Bond
Energy that holds two atoms in a molecule together.
Filtration
the physical process of separating a mixture using a filter
Distilation
The physical process of separating a mixture by heating up the mixture causing the more volatile (lower boiling point) substance to condense while the other is retained.
Intensive Property
Properties that do not depend on the amount of substance. Ex) color, melting point
Extensive Property
Depends on the amount of substance
Ex) volume, mass
Physical Property
Can be observed without changing the chemical identity of a substance or without changing it into another substance.
Ex) color, luster, hardness
