Chapter 1: Matter and Measurements

Question 1

chemistry

Answer 1

the study of matter - its natures, properties and transformations

Question 2

matter

Answer 2

anything physically real

Question 3

property

Answer 3

characteristics used to describe or identify something

- ex: size, color, temperature, chemical composition

Question 4

physical change

Answer 4

does not alter the identity of the substance
- ex: melting of solid ice to liquid water

*form changes, but chemical makeup does not)

Question 5

chemical change

Answer 5

does alter a substance’s identity
- ex: rusting of an iron bicycle left in the rain

• iron combines with oxygen and moisture in the air to become a new substance, rust
• if a new substance is being produced it is a chemical change

Question 6

three states of matter

Answer 6

solid, liquid, gas

Question 7

solid

Answer 7

matter that has a definite volume and definite shape and does not change regardless of the container it is placed in

*H20(s)

Question 8

liquid

Answer 8

matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape, the volume of a liquid remains constant whether it is placed in one container or another

• will change shape to fill the container
• H20(l)

Question 9

gas

Answer 9

matter that has indefinite volume and shape naturally expands to fill the shape it is in

*H20(g)

Question 10

change of state

Answer 10

the conversion of a substance from one state to the other

Question 11

pure substance

Answer 11

is uniform in its chemical composition and its properties all the way down to the microscopic level
- ex: K = potassium

Question 12

mixture

Answer 12

varies in both composition and properties

*components of a mixture can be separated without changing the chemical makeup

Question 13

homogenous mixture

Answer 13

a blend of two or more pure substances
- ex: sugar dissolved in water, you cannot tell the sugar is in the water but the mixtures differs (from water alone) on the molecular level

Question 14

heterogenous mixture

Answer 14

a blend of two or more pure substances having a nonuniform composition
- ex: vegetable stew

Question 15

element

Answer 15

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

*118 elements currently, 91 occur naturally

Question 16

chemical compound

Answer 16

any pure material that can be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical change

*a chemical compound is formed by combining two or more elements to make a new substance

Question 17

Al

Answer 17

Aluminum

Question 18

Ar

Answer 18

Argon

Question 19

Ba

Answer 19

Barium

Question 20

Bi

Answer 20

Bismuth

Question 21

B

Answer 21

Boron

Question 22

Br

Answer 22

Bromine

Question 23

Ca

Answer 23

Calcium

Question 24

C

Answer 24

Carbon

Question 25

Cl

Answer 25

Chlorine

Question 26

Co

Answer 26

Cobalt

Question 27

F

Answer 27

Fluorine

Question 28

He

Answer 28

Helium

Question 29

I

Answer 29

Iodine

Question 30

Li

Answer 30

Lithium

Question 31

Mg

Answer 31

Magnesium

Question 32

Mn

Answer 32

Manganese

Question 33

Ni

Answer 33

Nickel

Question 34

N

Answer 34

Nitrogen

Question 35

O

Answer 35

Oxygen

Question 36

P

Answer 36

Phosphorus

Question 37

Pt

Answer 37

Platinum

Question 38

Rn

Answer 38

Radon

Question 39

Si

Answer 39

Silicone

Question 40

S

Answer 40

Sulfur

Question 41

Ti

Answer 41

Titanium

Question 42

Zn

Answer 42

Zinc

Question 43

Cu

Answer 43

Copper

Question 44

Au

Answer 44

Gold

Question 45

Fe

Answer 45

Iron

Question 46

Pb

Answer 46

Lead

Question 47

Hg

Answer 47

Mercury

Question 48

K

Answer 48

Potassium

Question 49

Ag

Answer 49

Silver

Question 50

Na

Answer 50

Sodium

Question 51

Sn

Answer 51

Tin

Question 52

CHON

Answer 52

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen *present in all living organisms and essential for human life

Question 53

innocuous

Answer 53

not harmful or offensive

Question 54

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 54

mass is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed

Question 55

Law of Multiple Proportions

Answer 55

elements/atoms always combine in whole number ratios

Question 56

Law of Constant Composition

Answer 56

samples of the same compound will always have the same composition - ex: water on Earth is water on Mars

Question 57

atoms

Answer 57

smallest pieces of matter, made up of particles (protons and neutrons, extremely tiny)

Question 58

molecules

Answer 58

when atoms are grouped together

Question 59

physical quantities

Answer 59

physical quantities that can be measured: mass, temperature, volume, density *described with both a number and a unit of measurement

Question 60

International System of Units

Answer 60

``` mass (kilograms, kg) length (meters, m) volume (cubic meters, m^3) temperature (kelvins, k) time (seconds, s) density (grams per cubic centimeter, g/cm^3) ```