Chapter 1: Matter and Measurements

Question 1

solid

Answer 1

characterized by a definite shape and volume; shape is independent of a container; particles are held together quite rigidly; virtually incompressible

Question 2

liquid

Answer 2

characterized by a definite volume, but not a definite shape; take the shape of the container; slightly compressible

Question 3

gas

Answer 3

have no definite shape or volume; take the volume and shape of the container; particles are almost independent of each other; very compressible

Question 4

substance

Answer 4

a specific kind of matter with a definite, fixed composition

Question 5

element

Answer 5

consists of only one member of the periodic table

Question 6

compound

Answer 6

consists of more than one member of the periodic table, combined together in a specific rate

Question 7

mixture

Answer 7

a material made of two or more substances; a blend of substances, each retaining its chemical identity

Question 8

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 8

easily distinguished by sight; non-uniform mixture with regions of different composition

Question 9

homogeneous mixture

Answer 9

indistinguishable by sight; uniform mixture with the same composition throughout

Question 10

physical change

Answer 10

substance remains unchanged; a change that doesn’t affect an object’s chemical make-up

Question 11

chemical change

Answer 11

substance is transformed into a new substance; a change that alters a substance’s chemical make-up

Question 12

aluminum

Answer 12

Al

Question 13

argon

Answer 13

Ar

Question 14

barium

Answer 14

Ba

Question 15

bismuth

Answer 15

Bi

Question 16

boron

Answer 16

B

Question 17

bromine

Answer 17

Br

Question 18

calcium

Answer 18

Ca

Question 19

carbon

Answer 19

C

Question 20

chlorine

Answer 20

Cl

Question 21

cobalt

Answer 21

Co

Question 22

fluorine

Answer 22

F

Question 23

helium

Answer 23

He

Question 24

hydrogen

Answer 24

H

Question 25

iodine

Answer 25

I

Question 26

lithium

Answer 26

Li

Question 27

magnesium

Answer 27

Mg

Question 28

manganese

Answer 28

Mn

Question 29

nickel

Answer 29

Ni

Question 30

nitrogen

Answer 30

N

Question 31

oxygen

Answer 31

O

Question 32

phosphorus

Answer 32

P

Question 33

platinum

Answer 33

Pt

Question 34

radon

Answer 34

Rn

Question 35

silicon

Answer 35

Si

Question 36

sulfur

Answer 36

S

Question 37

titanium

Answer 37

Ti

Question 38

zinc

Answer 38

Zn

Question 39

copper

Answer 39

Cu

Question 40

gold

Answer 40

Au

Question 41

iron

Answer 41

Fe

Question 42

lead

Answer 42

Pb

Question 43

mercury

Answer 43

Hg

Question 44

potassium

Answer 44

K

Question 45

silver

Answer 45

Ag

Question 46

sodium

Answer 46

Na

Question 47

tin

Answer 47

Sn

Question 48

metal

Answer 48

shiny; conduct heat and electricity; can mold and change their shape easily (malleable and ductile); have a high melting point and density

Question 49

nonmetal

Answer 49

dull; insulators; often brittle; cannot mold or change their shape easily; generally have low melting points and densities

Question 50

metalloid

Answer 50

has characteristics that are intermediate to both metals and nometals

Question 51

the scientific method

Answer 51

a complete and thorough process for conducting scientific research; consists of making observations, proposing a hypothesis, and testing the hypothesis

Question 52

theory

Answer 52

a currently accepted hypothesis that gives an overall explanation to some part of nature

Question 53

chemistry

Answer 53

the study of the nature, properties, and transformations of matter

Question 54

matter

Answer 54

anything physically real; anything with mass and volume

Question 55

property

Answer 55

a characteristic that describes or identifies something

Question 56

chemical reactivity

Answer 56

describes how matter behaves

Question 57

pure substance

Answer 57

uniform chemical composition throughout

Question 58

chemical compound

Answer 58

pure substance that can be broken down through chemical reactions