Chapter 1 - Matter and Radiation Flashcards
(24 cards)
What was Rutherford’s experiment ?
Firing alpha particles at a thin gold sheet, showing that atoms were mainly empty space
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons
How do you work out specific charge of a charged particle?
Charge/mass
Range of the strong force?
3-4 femtometres
Which other force does the strong force overcome?
Electrostatic
At what distance is the strong force repulsive?
O.5 femtometres
What is an alpha particle made of?
Two protons and two neutrons
What is a beta particle?
A fast moving electron
Apart from a beta particle, what else is emitted in beta radiation?
Antineutrino
What is a photon?
A packet of energy/electromagnetic wave
What is annihilation?
When matter and antimatter, meet and destroy each other giving off photons
What is pair production?
When a photon with enough energy separates into a particle and an antiparticle
What is a cloud chamber?
A small, transparent container that contains air vapour and is very cold
What is a cloud chamber used for?
It’s used for looking at the path of ionising particles - they leave a trail of water droplets as they pass through.
What is a virtual photon?
A photon that is the cause of electromagnetic reactions, e.g. They cause particles to move away from each other in repulsion
What is the weak force?
The force responsible for changing a neutron into a proton in beta decay
What is a nucleon?
A neutron or proton in the nucleus
What is a nuclide?
A type of nucleus with a particular number or protons and neutrons
1Ev in J
1.6x10^-19
What happens in a neutron neutrino reaction? (Equation)
n+v ➡️p+B-
W- boson
What happens in a proton antineutrino reaction? (Equation)
p+ v’ ➡️ n+B+
W+ boson
v’=anti neutrino
What happens in B- decay? (Equation)
n➡️ p+v’+B-
W- boson
What happens in B+ decay? (Equation)
p➡️n+v+B+
W+ boson
What happens in an electron capture reaction? (Equation)
p+e-➡️n+v
W+ boson
