Chapter 1 - New World Beginnings (33,000 B.C.E. - 1680 C.E.)

Question 1

Canadian Shield

Answer 1

A zone supported by ancient rock that anchored North America in its northeastern corner 10 million years ago

Anticipated to have been the first part of the prospective North American landmass to have rised above sea level

Question 2

Incas

Answer 2

• A Native American tribe that inhabited modern-day Peru
• Advanced agricultural practices were based primarily on the farming of maize (Indian corn) and fed large populations

Question 3

Aztecs

Answer 3

• A Native American tribe that inhabited modern-day Peru
• Farming of maize (Indian corn) fed large populations

Question 4

Pueblo

Answer 4

• A Native American tribe that inhabited modern-day Rio Grande Valley
• Constructed complex irrigation systems to water cornfields
• Resided in villages with multistoried, terraced buildings

Question 5

Maize/Corn

Answer 5

• Staple crop for densely populated Native American societies in Mexico and South America
• Introduced into foundation of Aztec and Inca civilizations as early as 5000 B.C.E. and reached present-day Southwestern America as early as 2000 B.C.E.

Question 6

Nation-states

Answer 6

Separate populated territories of Native American civilizations

Aztec Empire was largest and most complex

A diversity of leagues, confederations, and chiefdoms established large and small communities outside of Mexico

Question 7

Cahokia

Answer 7

• A place with mounds near present-day East St. Louis where a Mississippian settlement of about 25,000 people resided
• Began to disappear between 1100-1300 C.E.

Possible flooding caused by climate change and deforestation

Question 8

Three-Sister Farming

Answer 8

Farming technique consisting of the cultivation of maize, beans, and squash

Provided a nutritious diet for some of the highest population densities

Beans grew on the trellis (framework) of the cornstalks and squash concealed the planting mounds in order to preserve moisture i the soil

Question 9

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 9

• Developed political and organizational skills to create a powerful military alliance that intimidated Native Americans and Europeans

Also known as the Haudenosaunee League

Inhabited the northeastern woodlands and relied heavily on agriculture