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anatomy and physiology unit 1 > chapter 1- organic chemistry > Flashcards

chapter 1- organic chemistry Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

differentaition

A

the specialization of cells to perform particular functions

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2
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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3
Q

organ level

A

two or more tissues working together to perform several
functions

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4
Q

nervous system

A

directs the immediate response to stimuli by coordinating activities of other organ systems

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5
Q

integumentary system(skin)

A

protection against the environment and assistance in controlling the body

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6
Q

homeostasis(“unchanging sameness”)

A

maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in the human body

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7
Q

effector

A

the cell or organ that responds to direction from the control center to oppose or enhance the stimulus

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8
Q

cephalic region

A

head

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9
Q

antebrachial region

A

forearm

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10
Q

plantar region

A

sole of foot

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11
Q

where the right leg attaches to the body of abdominalpelvic region

A

right inguinal region

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12
Q

toes are WHAT to the knee

A

distal

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13
Q

skin is WHAT to muscles

A

superficial

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14
Q

mediastinum

A

material that serves as a division between the pleural cavities(pericardial cavity is located within it)

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15
Q

responsiveness(adaption)

A

long term change

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16
Q

growth and differentiation

A

specialization of cells

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17
Q

movement

A

internal(body) and external(environment)

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18
Q

metabolism and excretion

A

building and breaking of molecules

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19
Q

anatomy

A

study of internal and external structure of the body- “form”

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20
Q

physiology

A

study of organism performing functions- “function”

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21
Q

human anatomy and physiology

A

study of form and function of the human body

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22
Q

levels of organization in the body

A

-chemical/molecular level
-cellular level
-tissue level
-organ level
-organ system level
-organism(human) level

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23
Q

chemical/molecular level

A

-atoms: smallest stable unit of matter, form molecules
-the shape of molecules determines the function

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24
Q

cellular level

A

-molecules form organelles
-each type of organelle performs a specific function
-organelles together make up a cell

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25
tissue level
group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions
26
organ system level
involves the interaction of multiple organs to achieve common goals (11 organ systems)
27
organism(human) level
organ systems working together to maintain the life and health of the body
28
skeletal system(bones)
provides support, protects, tissues, stores minerals, and makes blood
29
muscular system
produces movement and locomotion, provides support, and generates heat
30
nervous system
directs the immediate response to stimuli by coordinating activities of other organ systems
31
endocrine system
directs long term changes in other organ systems via hormones
32
cardiovascular(heart) system
transports cells and dissolved materials including wastes and gases
33
lymphatic system
defends against infection and disease, and returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream
34
respiratory (lungs) system
delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between air and circulating blood
35
digestive (stomach/esophagus) system
processes food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste products
36
urinary(kidney) system
eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products
37
reproductive(uterus/testes) system
produces sex cells and hormones
38
extrinsic regulation
result from nervous and endocrine systems(from outside environment)
39
receptor
sensor that detects stimuli
40
control/integration center
receives and processes info
41
negative feedback (do it whole life and most common in homeostasis
-effector opposes stimulus - ex: too hot=sweating & too cold=shiver to heat
42
positive feedback
-effector enhances stimulus -ex: blood clotting & contractions
43
anatomical position
supine(face up) and prone(face down)
44
cervical region
neck
45
thoracic region
chest
46
brachial region
arm
47
carpal region
wrist
48
manual region
hand
49
abdominal region(supine)
belly
50
lumbar region(prone)
lower
51
gluteal region
butt
52
pelvic region
hips
53
pubic region
anterior pelvis
54
inguinal region
groin
55
femoral region
thigh
56
crual region
front leg
57
sural region
calf
58
tarsal region
ankle
59
pedal region
top of foot
60
abdominalpelvic region
trunk of body
61
epigastric(abdominalpelvic)
above stomach
62
umbilical(abdominalpelvic)
belly button
63
hypogastric(abdominalpelvic)
below stomach
64
hypochondriac(abdominalpe-lvic)
upper abdomen
65
lumbar(abdominalpelvic)
where abdomen ends and pelvis begins
66
inguinal(abdominalpelvic)
lateral to hypogastric region and umbilical region
67
anterior direction
front
68
posterior direction
back(behind)
69
ventral direction
belly side
70
dorsal direction
back (spine)
71
cranial direction
head
72
caudal direction
tail
73
superior direction
above(hyper)
74
inferior direction
below(hypo)
75
medial direction
toward center
76
lateral direction
away from center
77
proximal direction
near point of attachment (arms/legs)
78
distal direction
away from the point of attachment(arms/legs)
79
superficial direction
at surface
80
deep direction
farther from surface
81
transverse plane
-cross-section -superior and inferior
82
frontal/coronal plane
-parallel(long) -anterior and posterior
83
sagittal plane
-parallel to long axis -right and left
84
body cavities
-vital organs suspended in chambers -protect organs & permit changes in size/shape of organs
85
two major body cavities
dorsal and ventral
86
dorsal cavity
holds cranial cavity(brain) & spinal cavity(spinal cord)
87
ventral cavity
divide diaphragm into thoracic cavity(heart/lung) & abdominalpelvic cavity(guts-viscera)
88
visceral serosa
surrounds organs
89
parietal serosa
surrounds lines cavity
90
thoracic cavity
-left & right pleural cavity -visceral pleura cover lungs -parietal pleura lines cavity
91
pericardial cavity
-holds heart -visceral pericardium covers the heart -parietal pericardium lines cavity
92
mediastinum contains:
-pericardial cavity(heart) -esophagus -trachea -thymus
93
abdominopelvic (peritoneal) cavity
-anything contained in the peritoneum serosa -if outside peritoneum=retroperitoneal
94
peritoneal cavity contains:
-liver -stomach -spleen -small intestines -most of the large intestines
95
retroperitoneal contains:
kidney & pancreas
96
pelvic cavity
-retroperitoneal: inferior large intestine, inferior urinary bladder & some reproductive organs -peritoneal: superior urinary bladder, ovaries & uterus

anatomy and physiology unit 1 (3 decks)

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