Chapter 1: Organization of the Body

Question 1

________________ is the study of the structure of the body parts

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

____________________ is the study of the function of body parts.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

What are the nine levels of organization in the human body?

Answer 3

1. atoms
2. molecules
3. macromolecules
4. organelles
5. cells
6. tissues
7. organs
8. organ systems
9. organism

Question 4

Various terms are used to describe the location of body organs when the body is in the anatomical position. What is the anatomical position?

Answer 4

Standing erect with, face forward, arms at the sides, and palms and toes directed forward.

Question 5

Anterior / Posterior

Answer 5

Anterior meaning the front of the body

Posterior meaning back of the body

Question 6

Superior / Inferior

Answer 6

Superior meaning towards the head

Inferior meaning away from the head

Question 7

Medial / Lateral

Answer 7

Medial meaning towards the middle of the body

Lateral meaning towards the outside or far from the middle of the body.

Question 8

Proximal / Distal

Answer 8

Proximal meaning closer to the midline

Distal meaning Further from the middle

Question 9

Superficial / Deep

Answer 9

Superficial meaning closer to the outside

Deep closer to the interior

Question 10

Central / Peripheral

Answer 10

Central meaning the center of the organ or organism

Peripheral meaning at the edge of the organ or organisim

Question 11

Contralateral / Ipsilateral

Answer 11

Contralateral meaning structures located on opposite sides of the body
Ipsilateral meaning structures located on the same side of the body.

Question 12

The body can be divided into ______________ and ___________________ portions, each of which can be further subdivided into specific regions

Answer 12

The axial and appendicular regions

Question 13

The body or its parts can be sectioned along certain planes. A ________________ or ______________ (vertical) cut divides the body into equal right and left portions

Answer 13

Median or Midsagittal

Question 14

A ________________________ or ________________ section is a saggittal section parallel to the midline.

Answer 14

Parasagittal or paramedian

Question 15

A frontal (_______________) cut divides the body into anterior an posterior parts

Answer 15

Coronal

Question 16

A ______________(horizontal) cut is a cross section.

Answer 16

Transverse

Question 17

The human body has two major cavities: The ___________________ and the ____________________.

Answer 17

The Posterior (dorsal) Body Cavity and Anterior (ventral) Body Cavity

Question 18

Each of the two main body cavities the: the anterior and the posterior cavities is subdivided into smaller cavities, within which specific ___________________ are located.

Answer 18

Viscera

Question 19

Specific _______________ _________________ line body cavities and adhere to the organs within these cavities

Answer 19

Serous Membranes

Question 20

The human body has four ______________ _____________.

Answer 20

Organ Systems

Question 21

The eleven organ systems in the human body are:

Answer 21

1. Integumentary (skin)
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Nervous / Sensory
5. Endocrine
6. Blood / Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
11. Reproductive

Question 22

Support, movement and protection. The __________________ system, which includes the skin, protects the body

Answer 22

Integumentary

Question 23

The __________________ system contains the bones

Answer 23

Skeletal

Question 24

The _________________ system contains three types of muscles: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

Answer 24

Muscular

Question 25

The primary function of _____________system and _____________ system is support and movement.

Answer 25

Skeletal and Muscular

Question 26

The __________________ contains the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. Because the _____________________ communicates with both the sense organs and the muscles, it allows us to respond to outside stimuli.

Answer 26

The Nervous System

Question 27

The __________________ consist of the hormonal glands.

Answer 27

The Endocrine System

Question 28

The ________________________ and the _________________ coordinate and regulate the activities of the body's other systems.

Answer 28

The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Question 29

What five systems help to maintain the body

Answer 29

1. Cardiovascular System 2. Lymphatic System 3. Respiratory System 4. Digestive System 5. Urinary System

Question 30

What organs are included in the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 30

The heart and vessels

Question 31

What organs are included in the Lymphatic System?

Answer 31

Lymphatic Vessels, nodes, spleen and thymus

Question 32

What organs are included in the Respiratory System?

Answer 32

Lungs and conducting tubes

Question 33

What organs are included in the Digestive System?

Answer 33

Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestines and associated Organs

Question 34

What organs are included in the Urinary System?

Answer 34

The Kidneys and Bladder

Question 35

What are the reproductive organs in the male species.

Answer 35

Testes, other glands and ducts, and penis

Question 36

What are the reproductive organs in the female speceies

Answer 36

Ovaries, uterine tubes, vagina and external genitalia.

Question 37

____________________ is the relative constancy of the body's internal environment, which is composed of blood and tissue fluid that bathes the cells.

Answer 37

Homeostasis

Question 38

_____________________mechanisms help maintain homeostasis. _____________________ occurs in processes with a definite cutoff point.

Answer 38

negative feedback | Positive feedback

Question 39

All of the body's organs systems contribute to _________________. Some, including the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems, remove and or add substances to the blood.

Answer 39

Homeostasis

Question 40

The Nervous and endocrine systems regulate the activities of other systems. __________________ is a self-regulatory mechanism by which systems and conditions of the body are controlled.

Answer 40

Negative feedback.

Question 41

The chin is __________________ to the navel

Answer 41

The chin is SUPERIOR to the navel.

Question 42

Suppose a CT scan creates images showing transverse sections of the head in a migraine headache patient. Are these horizontal or vertical images?

Answer 42

The images of a transverse image is horizontal.

Question 43

ophthalmic

Answer 43

eye

Question 44

nasal

Answer 44

nose

Question 45

oral

Answer 45

mouth

Question 46

cervical

Answer 46

neck

Question 47

acromial deltoid

Answer 47

shoulder

Question 48

axilary

Answer 48

armpit

Question 49

brachial

Answer 49

arm

Question 50

antecubital

Answer 50

front of the elbow

Question 51

antebrachial

Answer 51

forearm

Question 52

carpal

Answer 52

wrist

Question 53

digital

Answer 53

finger

Question 54

coxal

Answer 54

hip

Question 55

femoral

Answer 55

thigh

Question 56

patellar

Answer 56

kneecap

Question 57

crural

Answer 57

leg

Question 58

pes, pedal

Answer 58

foot

Question 59

cephalic

Answer 59

head

Question 60

frontal

Answer 60

forehead

Question 61

orbital

Answer 61

eye cavity

Question 62

buccal

Answer 62

cheek

Question 63

mental

Answer 63

chin

Question 64

sternal

Answer 64

sternum

Question 65

pectoral

Answer 65

chest

Question 66

mammary

Answer 66

breast

Question 67

abdominal

Answer 67

abdomen

Question 68

umbilical

Answer 68

navel

Question 69

pelvic

Answer 69

pelvic

Question 70

inguinal

Answer 70

groin

Question 71

public

Answer 71

genital

Question 72

tarsal

Answer 72

ankel

Question 73

dorsum of the

Answer 73

foot

Question 74

digital

Answer 74

toe

Question 75

cranial

Answer 75

surrounding the brain

Question 76

auricular, otic

Answer 76

ear

Question 77

thoracic

Answer 77

back of the sternal, pectoral, mammary

Question 78

vertebral

Answer 78

spinal column

Question 79

cubital, olecranal

Answer 79

elbow

Question 80

sacral

Answer 80

sacral (triangle at base of spinal colomn

Question 81

gluteal

Answer 81

buttock

Question 82

dorsum of the hand

Answer 82

hand

Question 83

sural

Answer 83

calf

Question 84

calcaneal

Answer 84

heel

Question 85

occipital

Answer 85

back of head

Question 86

deltoid

Answer 86

shoulder

Question 87

lumbar

Answer 87

lower back

Question 88

manus

Answer 88

hand

Question 89

perineal

Answer 89

rectum / anus

Question 90

popleteal

Answer 90

back of the knee

Question 91

planter

Answer 91

sole of the foot

Question 92

abdominal cavity

Answer 92

portion of the body between the diaphragm and the pelvis

Question 93

pertaining to the abdominal and pelvic

Answer 93

abdominopelvic cavity

Question 94

standard body positon in which the person is erect, with body , head arms palms and feet facing forward

Answer 94

anatomical position

Question 95

pertaining to the front, the opposite of posterior

Answer 95

anterior

Question 96

pertaining to the upper limbs (arm) and lower limbs (leg)

Answer 96

appendicular portion

Question 97

pertaining to the bodies axis

Answer 97

axial portion

Question 98

smallest unit of matter

Answer 98

atoms

Question 99

structural and functional unit of an organism, smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life.

Answer 99

cells

Question 100

situated at the center of the body of an organ

Answer 100

central

Question 101

structures located on opposite sides of the body

Answer 101

contralateral

Question 102

hollow space in the cranium containing the brain

Answer 102

cranial cavity

Question 103

located away from the surface of the body or organ

Answer 103

deep

Question 104

sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 104

diaphragm

Question 105

away from the midline or origin of the body opposite of proximal

Answer 105

distal

Question 106

external layer of the pericardium , consisting of fibrous tissue

Answer 106

fibrous pericardium

Question 107

the plane or sections that divides a structure lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions; pertain to the region of the forehead

Answer 107

frontal plane

Question 108

constancy of conditions, particularly the environment of the blood cells; constant temperature, blood pressure, pH, and other body conditions

Answer 108

homeostasis

Question 109

situated below something else; pertaining to the lower surface of a part

Answer 109

inferior

Question 110

structures located on the same side of the body ie right hand / right foot

Answer 110

ipsilateral

Question 111

pertaining to the side

Answer 111

lateral

Question 112

a large molecule composed of smaller molecules ie amino acides(molecule) combining to form proteins(macromolecules)

Answer 112

macromolecules

Question 113

near or towards the midline

Answer 113

Medial

Question 114

tissue mass located between the lungs

Answer 114

mediastinum

Question 115

protective membranous covering around the brain and spinal cord

Answer 115

meninges

Question 116

smallest quantity of substance that retains its chemical properties: ie:

Answer 116

molecules

Question 117

Mechanism that is activated by a surplus imbalance and acts to correct it by stopping the process that brought about the surplus

Answer 117

negative feedback

Question 118

structure consisting of a group of tissues that perform a specialized function; a component of an organ system

Answer 118

organ

Question 119

Part of a cell that performs a specialized funtion

Answer 119

organelles

Question 120

an individual living thing

Answer 120

organism

Question 121

a group of related organs working together

Answer 121

organ system

Question 122

outer layer of the two layers of the serous pericardium, lining the fibrous pericardium

Answer 122

parietal pericarium

Question 123

lines the abdominal and pelvic walls and the inferior surface of the thoracic diaphragm

Answer 123

parietal peritoneum

Question 124

membrane that lines the inner wall of the thoracic cavity

Answer 124

parietal pleurae

Question 125

serous membrane that covers the inner body wall.

Answer 125

parietal serous membrane

Question 126

hollow place within the ring formed by the sacrum and the coxal bones

Answer 126

pelvic cavity

Question 127

cavity around the heart created by pericardial sac

Answer 127

pericardial cavity

Question 128

situated away from the center of the body or organ

Answer 128

peripheral

Question 129

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and encloses the abdominal viscera

Answer 129

peritoneum

Question 130

Serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the walls of the chest and the diaphragm

Answer 130

pleurae

Question 131

process by which changes cause more changes of a similar type, producing unstable conditions.

Answer 131

positive feedback

Question 132

toowards the back of the body opposite of the anterior

Answer 132

posterior

Question 133

closer to the midline or origin, opposite of distal

Answer 133

proximal

Question 134

plane or section that divides a structure into right and left portions

Answer 134

sagittal plane

Question 135

sac that holds the testes

Answer 135

scrotum

Question 136

fluid that helps to keep things from rubbing together | found in the space between the visceral and parietal pleurae

Answer 136

serous fluid

Question 137

the membrane that covers internal organs and lines cavities lacking an opening to the outside of the body; also call serosa

Answer 137

serous membrane

Question 138

light -yellow liquid left after clotting of the blood

Answer 138

serum

Question 139

Near the surface

Answer 139

superficial

Question 140

toward the upper part of a structure or toward the head.

Answer 140

superior

Question 141

hollow space within the chest

Answer 141

thoracic cavity

Question 142

group of similar cells that performs a specialized function

Answer 142

tissue