Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body

Question 1

The study of structures which are visible to the unaided eye is _________ _________.

Answer 1

Gross Anatomy

Question 2

Sliced into different sections/slides is _________ ________.

Answer 2

Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Question 3

The study of the change in the body structures from conception to birth is ___________ ___________.

Answer 3

Developmental Anatomy

Question 4

The study of cells and cell structure is ________.

Answer 4

Cytology

Question 5

The study of tissue is ________.

Answer 5

Histology

Question 6

Permit visualization without dissection. X-rays, tomography, MRIs, ultrasound, and PET are examples of _________ _________.

Answer 6

Non-invasive techniques

Question 7

The study of function is called _______.

Answer 7

Physiology

Question 8

Irritability; the ability to detect or respond to an external stimulus is called __________ or __________.

Answer 8

Responsiveness or excitability

Question 9

The ability to alter a physiological operation or a species to change over time is __________.

Answer 9

Adaptability

Question 10

Executing a series of complex chemical reactions which some molecules are broken down while other are built is __________.

Answer 10

Metabolism

Question 11

The ability to increase in size from the inside to the outside is called _________.

Answer 11

Growth

Question 12

The ability to make a copy, similar to the original is __________. Hint: It is controlled by hormones

Answer 12

Reproduction

Question 13

Having to be able to eliminate body waste is called _________.

Answer 13

Excretion

Question 14

___________ is promoted by the muscular system.

Answer 14

Movement

Question 15

Particles make up all matter, such as protons, electrons, and neutrons are called __________ ____________.

Answer 15

Subatomic Organization

Question 16

Combinations of subatomic particles from structures known as atoms is called _________ __________.

Answer 16

Atomic Organization

Question 17

Combinations of atoms held together by energy interactions known as chemical bonds are called _________.

Answer 17

Molecular Bonds

Question 18

Small subcellular structures that perform specific functions for the cell is _________.

Answer 18

Organelle

Question 19

An organisms basic unit of structure. The lowest level of organization that can perform all the activities required for life.

Answer 19

The cell

Question 20

A group of cells working together to carry out the same function is a _________.

Answer 20

Tissue

Question 21

Organs

Answer 21

Various combinations of the 4 types of tissues, at least 2 types form an organ

Question 22

Organ System

Answer 22

organ combinations that work together to perform a common function

Question 23

Organism

Answer 23

A combination of all previous levels working together

Question 24

Homeostasis

Answer 24

the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment in spite of a changing external environment

Question 25

Receptor

Answer 25

a sensor that monitors the variable. it provides the input to the control center

Question 26

Control center

Answer 26

determines the set point, the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained

Question 27

Effector

Answer 27

Responsible for carrying out the response for the control center

Question 28

Negative feedback

Answer 28

the output of a control system is fed back to the input of the system which it causes to move in the opposite direction of the output

Question 29

Positive feedback

Answer 29

part of the output feedback and increases the input. leads to exaggerated increases in output. it normally disrupts homeostasis where constancy is the goal

Question 30

Anatomical position

Answer 30

the body ius erect with feel slightly apart and palms face forward

Question 31

Axial

Answer 31

head, neck, and trunk

Question 32

Appendicular

Answer 32

upper and lower limbs

Question 33

Sagittal plane

Answer 33

divide left from right

Question 34

Frontal plane

Answer 34

divide front from back

Question 35

Transverse plane

Answer 35

cross section, top from bottom, inferior from superior

Question 36

Oblique

Answer 36

cross section cut out at an angle

Question 37

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 37

houses the central nervous system

Question 38

Cranial cavity

Answer 38

within the skill, houses the brain

Question 39

Vertebral cavity

Answer 39

houses the spinal cavity

Question 40

Thoracic cavity

Answer 40

Upper; has the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea

Question 41

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 41

lower, all other major organs

Question 42

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 42

houses all the body organs

Question 43

Serous Membranes

Answer 43

cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surface of an organ. Secrete fluid for lubrication called serous fluid which reduces friction

Question 44

Parietal Membrane

Answer 44

Lines the body cavity walls

Question 45

Visceral Membrane

Answer 45

Covers the outer surface of the organ

Question 46

9 regions

Answer 46

epigastric, right/left hypochondriac, umbilical, right/left lumbar, hypogastric, right/left iliac

Question 47

4 quadrants

Answer 47

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower.

Question 48

Integumentary System

Answer 48

protects internal organs from drying out, bacterial infections, chemical substances, and physical factors

Question 49

Skeletal System

Answer 49

protects and supports the body organs

Question 50

Muscular System

Answer 50

Alloqs movement or locomotion

Question 51

Lymphatic System

Answer 51

Returns leaked fluid to the blood and have white blood cells

Question 52

Immune System

Answer 52

Protects against foreign substances

Question 53

Nervous System

Answer 53

Control system of the body

Question 54

Reproductive System

Answer 54

produces offspring

Question 55

Urinary System

Answer 55

Elimination of wastes, regulates water and electrolytes

Question 56

Endocrine System

Answer 56

Secretes hormones, controls metabolism

Question 57

Cardiovascular System

Answer 57

Blood vessels, heart. Responsible for transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.

Question 58

Digestive System

Answer 58

Breaks down food for cell usage

Question 59

Respiratory System

Answer 59

Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide