Chapter 1: Organization of the Human Body Flashcards
(20 cards)
Anatomy
The study of the body structure
Physiology
The science of body functions
Disease
Disorder of structure or function in the human body
Pathology
The study of anatomical changes due to diseases
Essential Life Processes
- Metabolism
- Responsiveness
- Movement
- Growth
- Differentiation
- Reproduction
Cells
Basic structural or functional units of an organism
Tissues
Group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
Organs
Structures composed of two or more different types of tissue
Organ systems
Consist of related organs with a common function
Integumentary System
Protects body, regulates temperature, and eliminates waste through sweet and other secretions
ex: hair, nails, glands
Skeletal System
Provides protection and support, houses cells that will become red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
ex: bones and joints
Muscular System
Participates with skeletal system to facilitate movement and maintain posture
ex: skeletla muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles
Nervous System
Senses and responds to body conditions through nerve impulses
ex: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs
Endocrine System
Regulates the body by releasing hormones into blood
ex: hormone producing glands and cells throughout body
Cardiovascular System
Carries blood and nutrients to specific locations; regulates body temperature and water balance
ex:heart, blood, blood vessels
Lymphatic/Immune System
Transports fats and proteins to cardiovascular system; filters blood and protects against disease
Respiratory System
Extracts O2 and eliminates CO2; in conjuction with kidney, regulates acid/base balance
ex: upper airways, trachea, major bronchi, lungs
Digestive System
Accomplishes physical and chemical breakdown of food and elimination waste
ex: esophagus, stomach, intestines, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder
Urinary System
Involved in collection and excretion of waste in urine; regulation of fluid, electrolyte, and acid/base balance
ex: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Reproductive System
Reproduction of an individual or organism
ex: ovaries, uterus and vagina in female; testes and penis in male; associated glands and organs in both
