Chapter 1: Overview

Question 1

Henry Fielding

Answer 1

created first paid detective unit

Question 2

Eugene Francois Vidocq

Answer 2

first private detective, the father of modern criminology

Question 3

Allan Pinkerton

Answer 3

created “secret service”

Question 4

Alphonse Bertillon

Answer 4

father of personal identification, created Bertillon system

Question 5

Bertillon System

Answer 5

system to identify offenders by their unique characteristics (tattoos, measurements, scars)

Question 6

Edmond Locard

Answer 6

created “exchange principal”

Question 7

Exchange Principal

Answer 7

criminal always removes something or leaves something behind.

Question 8

August Vollmer

Answer 8

father of modern policing, professionalized police

Question 9

Investigation

Answer 9

patient, step-by-step inquiry or observation; a careful examination; a recording of evidence; or a legal inquiry

Question 10

Criminal Investigation

Answer 10

process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine what happened, whether a crime was committed, and who is responsible.

Question 11

Deductive reasoning

Answer 11

a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts

Question 12

Criminalistics

Answer 12

specialists trained in recording, identifying, and interpreting the minutiae of physical evidence.

Question 13

Criminalist

Answer 13

searches for, collects, and preserves physical evidence in investigation of crime

Question 14

Forensic science

Answer 14

the application of myriad scientific processes to the law

Question 15

Crime

Answer 15

an act or omission that is forbidden by law and considered an offense against the state.

Question 16

Felony

Answer 16

a serious crime, punishable by death/imprisonment of >1 year in a penitentiary

Question 17

Misdemeanor

Answer 17

less serious, punishable by a fine or imprisonment <1 year not in a penitentiary, Gross & Petty

Question 18

Criminal Statute

Answer 18

an act relating to prohibited conduct with a penalty or punishment

Question 19

Ordinance

Answer 19

an act of the legislative body of a county

Question 20

Elements of the crime

Answer 20

specific conditions that must occur for an act to be called a specific type of crime, Must prove each element

Question 21

Primary Goals of Investigation

Answer 21

Determine whether a crime has been committed
Legally obtain information and evidence to identify the responsible person
Arrest the suspect
Recover stolen property
Present best possible case to prosecutor

Question 22

What is the first determination of a criminal investgiation:

Answer 22

whether or not a crime was committed.

Question 23

MO (modus operandi)

Answer 23

the preferred method a criminal uses when committing crimes.

Question 24

Leads

Answer 24

avenues bearing clues or potential sources of information relevant to solving the crime

Question 25

A Successful Investigation is one in which:

Answer 25

A logical sequence is followed All physical evidence is legally obtained & analyzed All witnesses are effectively interviewed All suspects are legally and effectively interrogated All leads are thoroughly developed All details of the case are accurately and completely recorded & reported.

Question 26

Who contributes to the success of criminal investigations ?

Answer 26

All levels of police admin & operations

Question 27

_____ & ______ comprised about 14% of all LEOs in 2018

Answer 27

Detectives & criminal investigators

Question 28

Who is responsible for criminal investigation?

Answer 28

all police personnel

Question 29

How effective are initial investigations by patrol officers?

Answer 29

Initial investigations by patrol officers can be as effective as those conducted by specialists

Question 30

The Basic Functions Performed by Investigators:

Answer 30

Provide emergency assistance Secure the crime scene Photograph, videotape, and sketch Take notes and write reports Draft legal documents, warrants & subpoenas Search for, obtain, and process physical and digital evidence Obtain information from witnesses and suspects Conduct photographic an in-person lineups Identify suspects Conduct raids, surveillances, stakeouts, and undercover assignments Testify in court

Question 31

A good investigator has:

Answer 31

specific intellectual, psychological, & physical characteristics

Question 32

What intellectual characteristics does a good investigator have?

Answer 32

Obtain & retain info, apply technical knowledge, open-minded, objective, & logical. Well organized Culturally adroit

Question 33

Culturally adroit

Answer 33

skilled in interacting across gender, ethnic, generational, social, political group lines.

Question 34

Fact

Answer 34

an action, event, circumstance, or thing done

Question 35

Inference

Answer 35

process of reasoning by which a fact may be deduced

Question 36

Opinion

Answer 36

Personal Belief

Question 37

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 37

going from generalization and establishing by gathering facts

Question 38

What psychological characteristics does a good investigator have?:

Answer 38

Emotionally well-balanced, detached, inquisitive, suspecting, discerning, self-disciplined, conscientious, and persevering Intuition

Question 39

Intuition

Answer 39

a “gut feeling” developed through experience.

Question 40

What physical characteristics does a good investigator have?:

Answer 40

Physically fit good hearing & vision