Chapter 1: Particles of Matter

Question 1

The property that defines the quantity of matter in an object.

Answer 1

mass

Question 2

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

Study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, and of the energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes a change.

Answer 3

chemistry

Question 4

Matter that has a constant composition and cannot be broken down to simpler matter by any physical process; also called pure substance.

Answer 4

physical process

Question 5

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances.

Answer 5

element

Question 6

A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions and that can be broken down into those elements by a chemical reaction.

Answer 6

compound

Question 7

Transformation of one or more substances into different substances.

Answer 7

chemical reaction

Question 8

Combination of pure substances in variable proportions in which the individual substances retain their chemical identities and can be separated from one another by a physical process.

Answer 8

mixture

Question 9

Mixture in which the components are distributed uniformly throughout and have no visible boundaries or regions.

Answer 9

homogeneous mixture

Question 10

Another name for homogeneous mixture. ____ are often liquids, but they may also be solids or gases.

Answer 10

solution

Question 11

Mixture in which the components are not distributed uniformly, so that the mixture contains distinct regions of different compositions.

Answer 11

heterogeneous mixture

Question 12

Smallest particle of an element that cannot be chemically or mechanically divided into smaller pieces.

Answer 12

atom

Question 13

Collection of atoms chemically bonded together in characteristic proportions.

Answer 13

molecule

Question 14

Force that holds two atoms or ions in a compound together.

Answer 14

chemical bond

Question 15

Notation for representing elements and compounds; consists of the symbols of the constituent elements and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of each element present.

Answer 15

chemical formula

Question 16

Notation in which chemical formulas express the identities and their coefficients express the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction.

Answer 16

chemical equation

Question 17

Capacity to do work.

Answer 17

energy

Question 18

Principle that all samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions.

Answer 18

law of constant composition

Question 19

Particle consisting of one or more atoms that has a net positive or negative electrical charge.

Answer 19

ion

Question 20

Ion with a positive charge.

Answer 20

cation

Question 21

Ion with a negative charge.

Answer 21

anion

Question 22

Property that is independent of the amount of substance present.

Answer 22

intensive property

Question 23

Property that varies with the quantity of the substance present.

Answer 23

extensive property

Question 24

Property of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.

Answer 24

physical property

Question 25

Ratio of the mass (m) of an object to its volume (V).

Answer 25

density (d)

Question 26

Property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance.

Answer 26

chemical property

Question 27

Form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

Answer 27

solid

Question 28

Form of matter that occupies a definite volume but flows to assume the shape of its container.

Answer 28

liquid

Question 29

Form of matter that has neither definite volume nor shape and that expands to fill its container; also called vapor.

Answer 29

gas

Question 30

Approach to acquiring knowledge based on observation of phenomena, development of a testable hypothesis, and additional experiments that test the validity of the hypothesis.

Answer 30

hypothesis

Question 31

General explanation of a widely observed phenomenon that has been extensively tested and validated.

Answer 31

scientific theory (model)

Question 32

Standard unit of length, equivalent to 39.37 inches.

Answer 32

meter

Question 33

Fraction in which the numerator is equivalent to the denominator, even though they are expressed in different units, making the value of the fraction one.

Answer 33

conversion factor

Question 34

All the certain digits in a measured value plus one estimated digit. Greater the number of significant figures, greater the certainty with which the value is known.

Answer 34

significant figures

Question 35

Agreement between the results of multiple measurements that were carried out in the same way.

Answer 35

precision

Question 36

Agreement between one or more experimental values and the true value.

Answer 36

accuracy

Question 37

Average calculated by summing a set of related values and dividing the sum by the number of values in the set.

Answer 37

mean (arithmetic mean)

Question 38

Measure of the amount of variation, or dispersion, in a set of related values.

Answer 38

standard deviation (s)

Question 39

Range of values that has a specified probability of containing the true value of a measurement.

Answer 39

confidence interval

Question 40

Data point that is distant from the other observations.

Answer 40

outlier

Question 41

Statistical test used to detect an outlier in a set of data.

Answer 41

Grubbs' test

Question 42

SI unit of temperature.

Answer 42

kelvin (K)

Question 43

Zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale; theoretically the lowest temperature possible.

Answer 43

absolute zero (0 K)