Chapter 1 ; Peace making Flashcards
(176 cards)
1
Q
When was the armistice signed?
A
11th November 1918
2
Q
Who signed the armistice?
A
Matthias Erzberger
3
Q
Who did Matthias Erzberger sign the Armistice on behalf of?
A
the Weimar Republic
4
Q
What did the armistice agree to?
A
stop fighting and end war
5
Q
Where did Germany have to remove troops from in order to end war?
A
foreign land
6
Q
Which foreign lands did Germany remove troops from for the end of the war?
A
Alsace-Lorraine
Belgium
Luxembourg
Austria
Turkey
7
Q
Which foreign lands did Germany have to give back in order for the end of the war?
A
Alsace-Lorraine
8
Q
What did Germany have to hand over to the Allies for the war to end?
A
- navy
- artillery
- aeroplanes
- trains
- trucks
9
Q
Why did Germany hand over navy, aeroplanes etc?
A
to remove germany as a military threat
10
Q
Who did Germany have to release for the war to end?
A
all allied prisoners
11
Q
What did Germany have to allow in order for the war to end?
A
allow allied troops to occupy Rhineland
12
Q
What did Germany have to give up in order for the war to end?
A
give up payments agreed by Russia when they admitted defeat
13
Q
What did Germany have to accept about Britain?
A
Britain would act as a naval blockade
14
Q
Why did Britain act as a naval blockade to Germany following the armistice signing?
A
prevent food and supplies reaching Germany
15
Q
What did Germany have to accept about the armistice?
A
Germany would be blamed
reparations paid
16
Q
How did the Allies react to the signing of the Armistice?
A
celebrated
17
Q
How did Germany react to the signing of the Armistice?
A
divided and faced Civil war
18
Q
Why were Germans so angry at the Armistice?
A
victory seemed close in Spring 1918
19
Q
Who was George Clemenceau?
A
Prime Minister of France
20
Q
Which part of France had been occupied and damaged by German troops during the war?
A
north eastern France
21
Q
What happened as a result of damage to the North East of France?
A
damage to agriculture and industry
22
Q
How many French soldiers were killed in WW1?
A
1 in 8
23
Q
How many French soldiers were wounded in WW1?
A
over half
24
Q
What did Clemenceau want?
A
revenge
punishment of Germans
25
Was Germany punished to Clemenceau's desire?
not enough
26
What did Clemenceau want Germany to do?
pay for the war
27
Were the reparations satisfactory for Clemenceau?
no - he wanted the Saar coalfields permanently
28
How long was France given the Saar coalfields for?
15 years
29
What did Clemenceau want to happen to Germany's army?
disbanded completely
30
Was Clemenceau satisfied with the return of Alsace-Lorraine?
yes!
31
What did Clemenceau want to happen to the Rhineland?
a new country to act as a buffer
32
Was Clemenceau satisfied with the demilitarisation of the Rhineland?
he wanted it to be a new country
33
What concerned Clemenceau in the East?
communist threat
34
Were Germany able to combat a Communist evolution after the war?
yes - Clemenceau satisfied
35
How did French people feel about the armistice?
too lenient
36
What did the French people want to happen to Germans?
suffer like the French had done
37
What happened to Clemenceau in the next election in France?
he was voted out
38
List some famous phrases by the British about Germany
'hang the kaiser'
'make germany pay'
'squeeze germany like a lemon until the pips squeak'
39
Who was David Lloyd George?
Prime Minister of Britain
40
How did Lloyd George want Germany to be punished?
not so much that it should cause another war
41
How did Lloyd George want Germany to be as a trading partner?
a strong trading partner
42
Why did Germany never become a trading partner of Britian?
crippled by war and reparations
43
What did Lloyd George want Britain to recieve?
indemnities
44
What were the indemnities use to pay?
pensions of British war veterans
45
What did Lloyd George want to happen to the empire?
expand
46
How did Britain benefit from the ToV in terms of the empire?
gained German and Turkish colonies
47
Where did Britain gain German colonies?
Africa
48
How did Britain gain Turkish colonies?
from League of Nations mandates
49
Where did Britain gain Turkish colonies?
Middle East
50
What did Lloyd George want to maintain after the ToV?
control of the seas
51
How did Britain maintain control of the seas?
German navy was handed over
52
What concerned Lloyd George in the East?
communist threat
53
What did Lloyd George want from the ToV?
justice
54
Who felt a sense of injustice surrounding the ToV?
Germans, also some British
55
How did British people feel about the ToV?
fair - could be harsher
56
How did the British feel about Lloyd George?
heroic
57
How did British people feel as the years went by?
too harsh
58
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the United of the States
59
When did the United States join the war?
1917
60
What did Woodrow Wilson have to achieve in ToV?
not be dragged into European wars in the future
61
How did Americans feel about the ToV?
too harsh
62
What did many Americans turn to following the war?
isolationism
63
What did the Senate refuse to approve?
ToV
64
What did the USA fail to do?
join the League of Nations
65
Who did Wilson want to demilitarise?
everyone
66
Who was made to demilitarise in the ToV?
Germany
67
Who did not have to demilitarise after WW1?
victorious allies
68
What did Wilson want to come to an end with WW1?
empires
69
Why did Wilson empires to end with WW1?
serbs wanted bosnia free from austria in 1914 - caused war
70
What did Wilson prefer to empires?
self determination
71
What happened to the empires of Britain and France?
got even bigger
72
Which nations adopted self determination?
new eastern European nations
73
Why did Wilson want the LoN to be created?
avoid wars through negotiation and collective security
74
What did Wilson want with the peace?
peace without victors - no cause for revenge
75
What is the element of Wilson's fourteen points surrounding arms?
reduction in arms and ban on secret treaties
76
What is the element of Wilson's fourteen points surrounding colonies?
countries cannot claim colonies without consulting each other and locals
77
What is the element of Wilson's fourteen points surrounding self determination?
self determination for countries previously in Austro-Hungarian empire
78
What is the element of Wilson's fourteen points surrounding Belguim?
independence for Belgium
79
What is the element of Wilson's fourteen points surrounding France?
France to regain Alsace Lorraine
80
What is the element of Wilson's fourteen points surrounding Poland?
Poland to have access to the sea and be independent
81
What is the element of Wilson's fourteen points surrounding LoN?
LoN to be set up to settle disputes
82
How many men were allowed in Germany's army following the ToV?
100,000 men in army
83
How many battleships were allowed in Germany's army following the ToV?
6 battleships
84
How many submarines were Germany allowed following the ToV?
no submarines
85
What was disbanded in Germany's military completely?
air force and conscription
86
Why did Germany hate the term surrounding their armed forces?
- weakened Germany
- had been source of national pride
87
Why did the terms surrounding their military weaken Germany?
open to constant threat and invasion
88
Why did the terms surrounding their military humiliate them?
had been national pride in Prussia
89
What happened when Rhineland was demilitarised?
no German troops allowed to enter area
90
How did the demilitarisation of the Rhineland effect Germany?
left vulnerable to attack from France
-> invaded in 1923
91
Which nation received Alsace Lorraine back from Germany?
France
92
What was created following the ToV?
Polish Corridor
93
Why did Germany dislike the lost land and colonies?
- colonies were source of income and pride
- lost resources like coal in Saar
94
What was the guilt clause of the ToV called?
Article 231
95
What did Article 231 blame on Germany?
outbreak of WW1
96
Why did Germany hate the Article 231?
hoped to be treated as an equal but got the oppostie
97
What was forbidden following ToV?
Anschluss
98
Why did the Germans hate that Anschluss had been forbidden?
some German speakers were denied self determination
99
What was Germany banned from joining?
the League of Nations
100
Why did Germany hate being banned from joining the LoN?
sense of exclusion
101
What was the diktat?
had no say in the treaty
102
Why did the Germans hate the diktat?
given terms of treaty without any say
103
How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?
£6.6 billion
104
When was the final figure of reparations released?
1921
105
How did the release of the figure in 1921 affect Germans?
two sets of punishment
106
How did the reparations effect Germans?
crippled the economy
led to invasion of Ruhr and humiliation
107
Which country received North Schelswig?
Denmark
108
Which country received West Prussia?
Poland
109
Which country received the rich farmland of Posen?
Poland
110
What happened to the city of the Danzig?
free city run by League of Nations
111
Which country received Silisea?
Czechoslovakia
112
Which country received Eupen and Malmedy?
Belgium
113
How much land did Germany lose after ToV?
13%
114
How much of population did Germany lose after ToV?
6 million
1/8 of population
115
What did the war guilt clause cause?
outrage
116
Why were the US government frustrated?
fourteen points had not been basis for settlement
117
What myth began following the ToV?
stab in the back
betrayal of socialists and Jews
118
What did the German government initially react to the ToV?
would not sign it
119
What did German naval commanders do in response to the ToV?
scuttled their own battle ships rather than permanently hand them over
120
Where did German naval commanders scuttle their own ships?
British Scapa Flow Base
121
When did Germany fall behind with reparations?
1922
122
What happened as a result of Germany falling behind with reparations?
French and Belgian troops entered Rhineland and Ruhr to take materials
123
What did the German government in response to the invasion of the Ruhr?
workers to go on strike to prevent French and Belgian troops taking anything
124
How did the French and Belgian troops respond to the strike?
100 workers killed
100,000 protestors expelled
125
What happened as a result of the invasion of the Ruhr?
hyperinflation and political instability
126
What happened to the Austro-Hungarian empire as a result of the Paris Peace Conference?
split into new countries
127
How did the creation of new states cause problems with negotiating?
many countries eager to receive reparations - rushed decision making
128
How did the creation of new states cause problems with self determination?
new states contained people from different ethnic backgrounds, some unhappy in new country
129
Define self determination
right of a country to form its own government without interference
130
When did Czechoslovakia declare independence?
1918
131
What empire had Czechoslovakia been apart of?
Austo-Hungarian empire
132
What kind of state was Czechoslovakia?
democratic
133
How did Czechoslovakia suceed?
inherited Austria's industry - built strong economy
134
Why were the tensions in Czechoslovakia?
fifth of population were German speaking in Sudetenland - resented being part Czechoslovakia
135
How much of Czechoslovakia's population was German speaking?
1/5
136
Where did the German speakers live in Czechoslovakia?
Sudetenland
137
What formed Yugoslavia?
many different ethnic groups
138
Why did the Allies create Poland?
buffer between Germany and USSR
139
What land did Poland receive?
Polish corridor
140
What did the Polish corridor give Poland?
access to the sea
141
How did the Polish corridor weaken Germany?
split it in two
142
Who populated the Polish corridor?
mainly German speakers
143
How did the German speakers feel about living in the Polish corridor?
hated it
144
Why was the Polish corridor vulnerable?
USSR to east
Germany to west
145
How did the USSR feel about the Polish corridor?
disputed the border
146
How did Germany feel about the Polish corridor?
resented the loss of land
147
Which Treaty happened in Austria?
Treaty of St Germain
148
Where was the Treaty of St Germain signed?
Austria
149
When was the Treaty of St Germain signed?
1919
150
Which Treaty happened in Hungary?
Treaty of Trianon
151
Where was the Treaty of Trianon signed?
Hungary
152
When was the Treaty of Trianon signed?
1920
153
Which Treaty happened in Bulgaria?
Treaty of Neuilly
154
Where was the Treaty of Neuilly signed?
Bulgaria
155
When was the Treaty of Neuilly signed?
1919
156
Which Treaty happened in Turkey?
Treaty if Sevres
157
Where was the Treaty of Sevres signed?
Turkey
158
When was the Treaty of Sevres signed?
1920
159
Which Treaty happened in Switzerland?
Treaty of Lausanne
160
Where was the Treaty of Lausanne signed?
Switzerland
161
When was the Treaty of Lausanne signed?
1923
162
Why was the War Guilt Clause unfair?
cause for war was not Germany's fault
163
What was a real cause to WW1?
The Arms Race
164
Why was the armistice a diktat?
Germans believed it would be based off Wilson's 14 points - it was not, they were not allowed to negotiate
165
Why were the new states unfair?
6 million Germans displaced in hostile countries - Germany reclaim land in WW2
166
Why were the new countries created unfair?
grouped together people who did not want to share a country
167
What unrest was caused as a result of the new countries made at the Paris Peace Conference?
Yugoslavia civil war
Czechoslovakia split in 2
168
When did Yugoslavia collapse into civil war?
1991
169
When did Czechoslovakia split in 2?
1993
170
What did the Treaty of Sevres cause?
revolt
171
How did the revolt affect the Treaty of Sevres?
overturned
172
How was the settlement fair in terms of agreement?
Germany agreed to several terms of the treaty
173
How was the settlement fair in terms of reparations?
Germany agreed to pay
only paid a fraction
174
How was the settlement fair in terms of Germany's recovery?
economically stable to start a 2nd war within 20 years
175
What did the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk show?
if the allies had been defeated - they would have been treated badly be Germans
176
What did the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk show?
took a over a quarter of people and agricultural land
