chapter 1: pharmacy and it's history Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
pharmakon
A
drug
2
Q
greek word of pharmacy
A
pharmakon
3
Q
health profession that links the health science with the chemical science
A
pharmacy
4
Q
a druggist or pharmacist
A
apothecary
5
Q
includes roles such as compounding and dispensing medication and services related to patient care
A
pharmacy
6
Q
a healthcare provider who performs pharmacy related functions ; works under the supervision of a pharmacist
A
pharmacy technician
7
Q
4 primary discipline of pharmacy
A
- pharmaceutics
- medicinal chem and pharmacognosy
- pharmacy practice
- pharmacology
8
Q
study of drugs
A
pharmacology
9
Q
the 2 symbols most commonly associated wit pharmacy care
A
mortar and pestle
rx
10
Q
meaning of A used in germany
A
apotheke
11
Q
pharmacy era
A
- apothecary and compounding
- pharma care
- manufacturing
12
Q
charm or used to drive out evil
A
pharmakon
13
Q
1st apothecary
A
priest craft
14
Q
god of healing art or god of medicine
A
ascelpius
15
Q
he delegated to hygieia the duty of compounding his remedies
A
ascelpius
16
Q
ascelpius’ apothecary
A
hygieia
17
Q
the physician-priests of egypt are divided into 2
A
- those who visited the sick
- those who remained in the temple and prepared remedies for the patients
18
Q
ancient men learned from _________
A
instinct
19
Q
jewel of ancient mesopotamia
A
babylon
20
Q
the earliest known record of practice
A
art of the apothecary
21
Q
practitioners of healing
A
priest, pharma and physician
22
Q
how they record medical texts on clay tablets
A
- the symptoms of illness
- the prescription and directions for compounding
- an invocation to the gods
23
Q
chinese pharma stems from ______
A
shen nung
24
Q
emperor who sought out medicinal value of several hundred herbs
A
shen nung
25
what did shen nung write
pen t-sao
26
native herbal recording of 365 drugs
t-sao
27
attest to the use of medicinal plants in pre-history
paleopharmacological studies
28
ancients egyptian pharma knowledge was recorded in _____ and ____
ebers papyrus and edwin smith papyrus
29
a collection of 800 prescriptions, mentioning 700 drugs
papyrus ebers
30
pharma was conducted by 2 echelons
1. gatherers and preparers of fabrication
2. chiefs of fabrication or headof pharmacists
31
where did the gatherers, preparers and chief of fabrication
house of life
32
when was papyrus ebers made
16th century
33
to whom was papyrus ebers named after
george ebers
34
what are the contents of papyrus ebers
800 formulas and 700 drugs
35
father of botany
theophrastus
36
king of pontus
mithridates
37
who made the art of poisoning
mithridates
38
what did mithridates use to test poison and antidotes
himself and the prisoners
39
pan-antidotal powers
mithridatum
40
an early trademakred drug. this is a clay tablet originating on the mediterranean island of lemnos
terra sigillata
41
sealed earth
terra sigillata
42
father of pharmacognosy
pedanios dioscorides
43
materia medica
dioscorides
44
recorded what he observed, promulgated excellent rules for collection of drugs, their storage and use
dioscorides
45
pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means
galenicals
46
experimenter in drug compounding
caludius galen
47
the originator of the formula for a cold cream
galen
48
pharmacy's patron saints
damien and cosmas
49
father of medicine
hippocrates
50
galenicals
claudius galen
51
separation of pharma and med
1240ad under emperor frederick II
52
paracelsus
Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von
Hohenheim
53
chemistry was incorporated in the world of drugs; distillation
Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von
Hohenheim
54
During the Middle Ages remnants of the Western knowledge of Pharmacy and Medicine were preserved in_____
monasteries
55
The ______ gathered herbs and simples in the field,
monks
56
the first privately owned drug stores (the first apothecary)
Bagdad late
57
The ____ separated the arts of apothecary and physician, establishing in Bagdad late
arabs
58
the persian galen
avicenna
59
called avicenna by the western worl
ibn sina
60
LaCOAT
karl wilhel scheele
61
isolation of morphine from opium
Friedrich Serturner
62
isolation of quinine and cinchonine
Joseph Caventou and Joseph Pelletier
63
Pelletier and Robiquet isolated ______
caffeine
64
robiquest isolated ______
codeine
65
Paclitaxel ( Taxol ) came from
from pacific yew tree
66
scientific name of pasific yew tree
taxus bacata
67
book about drugs, chemicals
pharmacopeia
68
meaning of poiein
make
69
first pharmacopeia
lititz pharmacopeia
70
USP/NF
United States Pharmacopeia – National Formulary
71
proposed to have national pharmacopeia
Dr. Lymann Spalding
72
father of USP
Dr. Lymann Spalding
73
the first official pharmacopoeia
Nuovo Receptario
74
where did nuovo receptario originated
florence
75
when was nuovo receptario published
1498
76
the first organization of pharmacists in the Anglo-Saxon world.
Master, Wardens and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London
77
looked after the health of the pioneers
Louis Hébert
78
at the waterfront, he examined specimens of drug plants offered by Micmac Indian
Louis Hébert
79
first governor of massachusetts bay colony and founder of boston
John Winthrop
80
he made available the ‘art and mystery’ of the apothecary for his citizens
John Winthrop
81
the governor who healed the sick
John Winthrop
82
he earned the title of ‘the fighting quaker’
christopher marshall
83
leading retail store, nucleus of large-scale chemical manufacturing; a "practical" training school for pharmacists; an important supply depot during the Revolution
christopher marshall's apothecaru in philadelphia
84
America's first woman pharmacist.
elizabeth, chritopher amrshall's granddaughter
85
1st hospital pharmacist
jonathan roberts
86
the first hospital in colonial america was established in ________
philidelphia in 1751
87
he advocated prescription writing and championed independent practice of two professions.
john morgan
88
paved the way for isolating organic plant acids
carl wilhelm scheele
89
he discovered oxygen, chlorine, prussic acid, tartaric acid, tungsten, molybdenum, glycerin, nitroglycerin, and countless other organic compounds
carl wilhelm scheele
90
first man to hold the rank of a commissioned pharmaceutical officer (bostonian apothecary)
andrew craige
91
1st appointed commissary of medical stores by massachusetts’ committee of safety, april 30, 1775
andrew craige
92
his job included procurement, storage, manufacture and distribution of army’s drug requirements
andrew craige
93
first of the alkaloid chemists
serturner
94
he gave the world’s opium’s chief narcotic principle, morphine
serturner
95
he recognized and proved the importance of a new class of organic substance: alkaloids
serturner
96
where did serturner experimented
einbeck
97
isolated emetine from ipecacuanha in 1817
pierre-joseph pelletier, jospeh-bienaime caventou
98
they tackled the problem that had baffled scientists for decades - wresting the secrets of the Peruvian barks that were so useful against malaria
pierre-joseph pelletier, jospeh-bienaime caventou
99
announced the methods for separation of quinine and cinchonine from the cinchona barks; prepared pure salts, had them tested clinically, and set up manufacturing facilities.
pierre-joseph pelletier, jospeh-bienaime caventou
100
“Philippine Pharmacy Act”
R.A. 10918
101
the experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize medication
pharmacist
102
who took a pivotal step in keeping the two professions separate
Benjamin Franklin
103
reinforced by a law enacted by the city council of Bruges in 1683
forbidding physicians to prepare medications for their patients
104
antibiotic era
20th century
105
who discovered penicillin
alexander fleming
106
antibiotic discoveries came rapidly in the _____
1940's
107
how many pharmacists signed the Constitution of the first pharmaceutical association in the United States
68
108
American Pharmacy's first educational institution opened when?
november 9 1821
109
Faced with two major threats; ___________and a _____________, the pharmacists of Philadelphia held a tempestuous protest meeting in _____________, February 23, 1821.
1. deterioration of the practice of pharmacy
2. discrimination in the med field
3. carpenter's hall
110
First U.S. industry in medicinal herbs
Shakers
111
The Shakers gathered or cultivated some ______varieties; dried, chopped, and pressed them into "bricks"; wrapped, labeled, and sold them to pharmacists and physicians world- wide
200
112
the twenty delegates launched_______________; mapped its objectives; and opened membership to "All pharmaceutists and druggists"
The American Pharmaceutical Association
113
first President of The American Pharmaceutical Association
Daniel B. Smith
114
first secretary of The American Pharmaceutical Association
William Procter, Jr
115
The european and american pharmacy met for the first time, at the _______________ in Paris, France, August 21 to 24, 1867,
Second International Congress of Pharmacy
116
THE FATHER OF AMERICAN PHARMACY
William Procter, Jr.,
117
pharmacy course at the University of Michigan in 186
Dr. Albert B. Prescott
118
The first "United States Pharmacopoeia
1820
119
Committee on Revision" chairmanned by
charles rice
120
Sent by Parke, Davis & Company in 1884 to Peru for supplies of coca leaves
Henry Hurd Rusby
121
Henry Hurd Rusby returned with _____ botanical specimens. Among them were many new drug plants, including cocillana bark,
45,000
122
Stanislas Limousin contribution
introduced medicine dropper, system of coloring poisons and wafer cachets
123
development and perfection of apparatus for the inhalation and therapeutic administration of oxygen; and invention of glass ampoules
Stanislas Limousin
124
alkaloidal assay
Dr. Albert Brown Lyons
125
"Liquor Ergotae Purificatus" in 1879
Parke, Davis & Company
126
effectiveness of diphtheria antitoxin
Behring and Roux
127
treatment of syphilis
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
128
recognized antihistaminic properties.
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
129
paved the way for the life-saving sulfonamide compounds
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
130
His work led other investigators to broad fields of chemotherapeutic research
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
131
the chemical synthesis of ________ in 1883 that gave impetus and inspiration for intensive search for therapeutically useful compounds.
antipyrine
132
Research in ___________ came into its own in the late 1930's and early 1940's
pharmacy
133
Pharmaceutical _________ developed first in germany
manufacturing
