Chapter 1 Quiz- The Human Organism

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things

Question 3

What are the 6 levels of Organization in order?

Answer 3

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organism

Question 4

What is the Chemical Level?

Answer 4

Atoms combine to form molecules

Question 5

What is the Cellular Level?

Answer 5

Basic unit of life molecules- organelles- cells

Question 6

What is the Tissue Level?

Answer 6

Similar cells

Question 7

What is the Organ Level?

Answer 7

Different Tissues

Question 8

What is the Organ System Level?

Answer 8

Group of Organs

Question 9

What is the Organism Level?

Answer 9

Group of Organ Systems (any living thing)

Question 10

What are the 11 Organ Systems

Answer 10

1. Integumentary
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
5. Endocrine
6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
11. Female & Male Reproductive

Question 11

What is the Integumentary structure and function?

Answer 11

Skin, hair & nails

Provides protection, regulates temp, prevents water loss, & helps produce vitamin D

Question 12

What is the Skeletal structure and function?

Answer 12

Bones, ligaments & joints

Provide protection/support, allows body movements, produces blood cells & stores minerals & adipose (fat tissue)

Question 13

What is the Muscular structure and function?

Answer 13

Muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons

Produces body movements, maintains posture & produces body heat

Question 14

What is the Nervous structure and function?

Answer 14

Brain, spinal cord, nerves & sensory receptors

Detects sensations, controls movements, physiological processes & intellectual functions

Question 15

What is the Endocrine structure and function?

Answer 15

Glands (like pituitary) that secrete hormones

Influences metabolism, growth, reproduction & many other functions

Question 16

What is the Cardiovascular structure and function?

Answer 16

Heart, blood vessels & blood

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases & hormones throughout the body

Question 17

What is the Lymphatic structure and function?

Answer 17

Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, etc
Removes foreign substances from the blood & lymph, combats diseases, maintains tissue fluid balance & absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract

Question 18

What is the Respiratory structure and function?

Answer 18

Lungs & respiratory passages

Exchanges oxygen/ carbon dioxide between the blood/ air & regulates blood pH

Question 19

What is the Digestive structure and function?

Answer 19

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines & accessory organs

Performs the mechanical/ chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients & elimination of wastes

Question 20

What is the Urinary structure and function?

Answer 20

Kidneys, urinary bladder & ducts that carry urine

Removes waste products from the blood , regulates blood pH & ion/water balance,

Question 21

What is the Female Reproductive structure and function?

Answer 21

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands & dissociated structures
Produces oocytes, site of fertilization/fetal development, produces milk for the newborn & produces hormones that influence sexual function/ behaviors,

Question 22

What is the Male Reproductive structure and function?

Answer 22

Testes, accessory structures, ducts & penis

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female

Question 23

Homeostasis

Answer 23

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment

Question 24

What two systems play a large role in maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 24

The Nervous & Endocrine System

Question 25

What are the Nervous & Endocrine Systems known as?

Answer 25

The Communication Systems

Question 26

What are variables?

Answer 26

Factors that can change (blood sugar, body temp, blood volume, etc)

Question 27

What three components do homeostatic control involve?

Answer 27

Receptor Control Center Effector

Question 28

What is a Receptor (Sensor) (Nerve Ending)

Answer 28

Monitors environment | Responds to stimulus & sends info to control center (afferent pathway)

Question 29

What is the Control Center?

Answer 29

Establishes the set point at which the variable is to be maintained Processes the info coming from the receptor & coordinates response of the effector ( efferent pathways)

Question 30

What is the Effector?

Answer 30

It receives output from the control center Can change the value of the variable (response) responsible for either reducing the stimulus (negative feedback) or enhancing stimulus (positive feedback)

Question 31

Which feedback is most used in the body?

Answer 31

Negative Feedback

Question 32

What is a Negative Feedback? & Examples

Answer 32

A response that reduces or shuts off original stimulus Variable changes in opposite direction of its initial change Regulation of body temp (Nervous) Regulation of blood glucose (Endocrine)

Question 33

What is a Positive Feedback?

Answer 33

A response that enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect as feedback causes variable to continue in the same direction as initial change Usually controls infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustment Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin Platelet plug formation & blood clotting

Question 34

What is a body cavitiy?

Answer 34

Internal cavities that are closed to the environment | Provide different degrees of protection to organs within them

Question 35

What 3 cavities does the trunk contain?

Answer 35

Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic

Question 36

What is the thoracic cavity?

Answer 36

``` Contains two pleural cavities each surrounds one lung mediastinum subdivides thoracic cavity contains pericardial cavity surrounds other thoracic organs, such as esophagus, trachea, etc ```

Question 37

What does the Pericardial cavity enclose?

Answer 37

The heart

Question 38

What is the Abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 38

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen and liver

Question 39

What is the Pelvic Cavity?

Answer 39

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs & rectum separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm (dome- shaped muscle) divided intro 4 quadrants or 9 regions

Question 40

What are the 9 regions that the body cavities are divided into?

Answer 40

``` Umbilical Epigastric Hypogastric (Pubic) Right & Left Iliac (Inguinal) Right & Left lumbar Right & Left Hypochondriac ```

Question 41

What are Serous Membranes?

Answer 41

Covers organs & line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body Occur in parts separated by a cavity full of fluid

Question 42

What are the three serous membranes separated by fluid?

Answer 42

Parietal membrane Visceral membrane Cavity between membrane

Question 43

What is the Parietal membrane?

Answer 43

Outer layer of enveloping sac; lines walls of cavity occupied by enveloped organ

Question 44

What is the Visceral membrane?

Answer 44

Inner layer of enveloping sac; covers the organ itself

Question 45

What is the Cavity between membranes?

Answer 45

Full of lubricating serous fluid produced by the membranes

Question 46

What are the Serous membranes names associated with?

Answer 46

The cavities and organs they are associated with

Question 47

What is the Pericardium serous membrane?

Answer 47

Around the heart & lining the pericardial cavity

Question 48

What is the Pleura serous membrane?

Answer 48

Around the lungs & lining the thoracic cavity

Question 49

What is the Peritoneum?

Answer 49

Lining abdominopelvic cavity & covering its organs