Chapter 1 Review

Question 1

Mass

Answer 1

Kilogram (kg)

Question 2

Length

Answer 2

meter (m)

Question 3

Time

Answer 3

seconds (s)

Question 4

Temperature

Answer 4

kelvin (K)

Question 5

Electric Current

Answer 5

Ampere (Amp)

Question 6

Amount of substance

Answer 6

Mole (mol)

Question 7

Uncertain digits

Answer 7

A digit that must be estimated. Record the certain digits and the first uncertain digit (which is the estimated number)

Question 8

Accuracy

Answer 8

Agreement of a particular value with the true value

Question 9

Precision

Answer 9

Degree of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity

Question 10

Leading zeroes

Answer 10

Zeroes that precede all nonzero digits, and do not count as significant figures

Question 11

Captive zeroes

Answer 11

Zeroes between nonzero digits, and always count as significant figures

Question 12

Trailing zeroes

Answer 12

Zeroes right at the end of the number, and are only significant if the number contains a decimal point

Question 13

Exact numbers

Answer 13

Have an infinite number of significant figures

Question 14

homogeneous mixture

Answer 14

having indistinguishable parts (sugar being dissolved in water)

Question 15

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 15

having visibly separate/distinguishable parts (oil with water being separated)

Question 16

physical change

Answer 16

a change that does not change the makeup of an element or compound (more so a change of state)

Question 17

chromatography

Answer 17

use of a series of methods that use two phases, mobile and the stationary phase

Question 18

pure substance

Answer 18

compounds or elements

Question 19

compounds

Answer 19

two or more different elements combine to form a molecule

Question 20

element

Answer 20

substance that cannot be broken down further by either chemical or physical changes

Question 21

chemical change

Answer 21

a given substance becomes a new substance with different properties and different composition

Question 22

energy

Answer 22

ability to do work or to produce heat

Question 23

law of conservation of energy

Answer 23

energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 24

kinetic energy

Answer 24

energy of motion

Question 25

potential energy

Answer 25

energy of position

Question 26

Exponential notation (example)

Answer 26

300 written as 3.00 x 10^2, has 3 significant figures

Question 27

Exponential notation

Answer 27

Used to write large or small numbers, number of significant figures can be easily indicated

Question 28

Multiplying and dividing exponential notation (example)

Answer 28

The number of significant figures in the result is the same as the number in the least precise measurement used in the calculation.

1.342 x 5.5 = 7.381 -> 7.4

Question 29

Adding and subtracting in exponential notation (example)

Answer 29

The result has the same number of decimal places as the least precise measurement used in the calculation.
23.445 + 7.83 = 31.275 –> 31.28

Question 30

Fahrenheit equation

Answer 30

F = (9/5)C + 32

Question 31

Unit conversion for Fahrenheit and Celsius (simplified)

Answer 31

180 F / 100 C = 9 F / 5 C
Remember that the Fahrenheit scale is much more sensitive than the Celsius scale.

Question 32

Kelvin equation

Answer 32

K = C + 273.15

Question 33

Celsius equation

Answer 33

C = (F - 32) (5/9)

Question 34

Density

Answer 34

mass of substance per unit volume of the substance, with common units being g/cm^3 or g/mL

Question 35

Density equation

Answer 35

D = M / V

Question 36

Exponents rule for division

Answer 36

Subtract them

Question 37

Exponents rule for multiplying

Answer 37

Add the exponents