Chapter 1 Review Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is humanistic psychology?
people are motivated to change in ways that improve their lives
How can psychology help me study?
- The right goals lead to success
- A little stress management goes a long way
- Cramming is a crummy way to learn
- Learning is an active endeavor
- Explaining enhances understanding
- There are many ways to learn
- Self-quizzing improves learning
What do psychologists investigate?
the goal of understanding human thought and behavior originated in the study of philosophy
Psychoanalysis (Freud)
the root of all psychological problems are unconscious conflicts
Behavorism (Watson)
The theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes.
What is cognitive psychology?
The study of how people think, learn, and remember.
What is social psychology?
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another (Kurt Lewin)
What is unconditional positive regard?
according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
What is empiricism?
Is the science of conducting psychological research using an objective, evidence based research.
What is a growth mindset?
belief that qualities can change/improve through effort
What are the five domains of psychology?
biological, cognitive, developmental, social and personality, mental and physical health
Define Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
What are the three steps in critical thinking?
- Is the source of the claim believable?
- Is there strong evidence for the claim?
- Do other believable sources agree about the claim?
Nature vs. Nuture
Related to whether heredity or the environment most impacts human psychological development
Dualism
the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
When did experimental psychology began?
1879 when Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory
What was the laboratory being used to find?
The purpose of the laboratory was being used to identify the basic parts, or structures of the conscious mind.
What is Functionalism?
an early school of thought concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behavior ( William James)
What was the goal for functionalism?
To be able to describe how the conscious mind aids adaptation to an environment (roots of therapy in trauma)
Evolutionary Theory
A theory presented by the naturalist Charles Darwin; it views the idea that those who inherit characteristics that help them adapt to their particular environments have a selective advantage over those who did not
Who is Mary Whiton Calkins and what did she do?
One of the first female graduate students in Psychology. In 1905 she became the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association.
Who is Francis Cecil Sumner and what did he do?
In 1920 he became the first black person in the United States to earn a Doctorate in Psychology. He founded the department of Psychology at Howard University.
What is the Muller-Lyer illusion?
illusion of line length that is distorted by inward-turning or outward-turning corners on the ends of the lines, causing lines of equal length to appear to be different
What is ethics?
are accepted standard of right and wrong that guides peoples behavior
