Chapter 1 Review

Question 0

the scientific study of the human mind, mental states, and human behaviour

Answer 0

psychology

Question 1

the scientific study of humans, including their origins; behaviour; and physical, social, and cultural development

Answer 1

anthropology

Question 2

the scientific study of human social behaviour, including individuals, groups and societies

Answer 2

sociology

Question 3

forces the person to give a longer, more detailed answer

Answer 3

open ended question

Question 4

can be answered with a simple one word answer

Answer 4

closed question

Question 5

the trait of habitually walking on two legs

Answer 5

bipedalism

Question 6

created or shaped by a culture

Answer 6

culturally constructed

Question 7

the total system of ideas, values, behaviours, and attitudes of a society commonly shared by most members of a society

Answer 7

culture

Question 8

believing that one’s own culture is superior to all others

Answer 8

ethnocentric

Question 9

the written account of a culture

Answer 9

enthography

Question 10

the study of the origins and cultures of different races and peoples

Answer 10

ethnology

Question 11

preserved remains of biological matter

Answer 11

fossil

Question 12

a human or human ancestor

Answer 12

hominin

Question 13

a tentative assumption made from known facts as the basis for investigation

Answer 13

hypothesis

Question 14

a reliable and knowledgeable person who provides specific information to an anthropologist studying his/his community

Answer 14

informant

Question 15

the relationship between 2 or more people that is based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

Answer 15

kinship

Question 16

type of conclusions based on facts and data and uninfluenced by personal perspectives, prejudices, or emotions

Answer 16

objective

Question 17

the careful watching of a group, in some cases living with it’s members and participating in their culture

Answer 17

participant observation

Question 18

a process that is used to determine the age of an object, based on measuring the amount of radioactive material it has

Answer 18

radiometric dating

Question 19

the practice of reflecting on your own world view, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying

Answer 19

reflexivity

Question 20

a small group within a larger group who shares a common system of values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviours, and lifestyle distinct from those of a larger group

Answer 20

subculture

Question 21

type of conclusions shapes by a persons cultural and personal perspective, feelings and beliefs

Answer 21

subjective

Question 22

what are the three fields of physical anthropology?

Answer 22

primatology, paleoanthropology and human variation

Question 23

primatology

Answer 23

primatologists study primates

Question 24

study bone and stone remains of our ancient ancestors from millions of years ago

Answer 24

paleoanthropology

Question 25

the study of the physical differences and similarities of existing human populations

Answer 25

human variation

Question 26

what are the three fields of cultural anthropology ?

Answer 26

archeology, ethnology, and linguistic anthropology

Question 27

study the physical remains of a post culture through excavation and reconstruction

Answer 27

archeology

Question 28

study the history and structure of language, and the ways humans use language

Answer 28

linguistic anthropology

Question 29

How do anthropologists define culture?

Answer 29

the total systems of ideas, values, behaviours and attitudes of a society commonly shared by most members of a society

Question 30

anthropologists cannot compare two cultures because each has it's own internal rules that must be accepted

Answer 30

cultural relativism

Question 31

conditions and the environment shape culture. If something is not of value to society it will disappear.

Answer 31

cultural materialism

Question 32

the comparison of language structures

Answer 32

historical linguistics

Question 33

the study of how sounds are put together to create meaning

Answer 33

structural linguistics

Question 34

the study of how people use language in certain cultural contexts

Answer 34

sociolinguistics

Question 35

what are the three areas within linguistic anthropology?

Answer 35

historical, structural and sociolinguistics

Question 36

what are some challenges of studying linguistic anthropology?

Answer 36

- may be more difficult to study cultures with no written language - could be misunderstood - May be difficult to study and compare other languages

Question 37

how does language reflect status or culture in Canadian society?

Answer 37

- the better grammar and proper language we use the higher up in society we are believed to be in - if you come from a average/wealthy family you are believed to have a better education

Question 38

why is it important for primatologists to study primates?

Answer 38

because if we know more about our primate cousins, we can learn more about ourselves

Question 39

why is bipedalism important when studying human origins?

Answer 39

because it helps explain how and when we evolved

Question 40

identify the issues that a researcher might encounter with subjectivity issues

Answer 40

- a researchers POV and cultural background can shape their conclusions - individuals may have different beliefs than the rest of their culture or may not be honest

Question 41

why do anthropologists study human variations?

Answer 41

to understand the differences between people

Question 42

what are some things anthropologists can learn from ancient bones?

Answer 42

- can help researchers understand how humans came to move on two feet - learn about members of the human family such as Lucy - learn that humans walked the earth 3.2 million years ago

Question 43

How can Lucy help paleoanthropologists understand our past?

Answer 43

by helping researchers understand how humans came to move on two feet and how we evolved

Question 44

how can we legitimately study human variations?

Answer 44

by blood types, natural selection, etc

Question 45

who was the Leakey family?

Answer 45

They proved humanity's African origin, helped start the school of primatology and generated much interest and publicity for the field of human origins

Question 46

Who was Raymond Dart?

Answer 46

Was the first person to provide evidence of the African origin of humanity

Question 47

Who was Donald Johanson?

Answer 47

Discovered Lucy

Question 48

What three things can anthropologists learn from ancient stone tools?

Answer 48

1. Accurately date a site 2. Discover more about the hominins who used them 3. How the tools were used and what they were used for

Question 49

Beliefs, actions or relationships within society must meet the needs of individuals

Answer 49

functional theory

Question 50

issues of gender are cultural constructed and determined within a culture - women have lost their voice because of make domination of the past

Answer 50

feminist anthropology

Question 51

it is impossible to have any true knowledge about the world, as there is no objective truth - anthropologists can't study their subjects in an objective or detached way

Answer 51

postmodernism

Question 52

Do human subgroups exist?

Answer 52

the concept of race is socially constructed, meaning that it is something defines by our society, not a scientific category

Question 53

What are the three principles of natural selection?

Answer 53

1. Variation (every species has a lot of variety within it) 2. Heritability (individuals pass on trait to their offspring) 3. Environmental fitness (individuals who are better adopted to their environment will produce more offspring and pass on their traits to the next generation)