Chapter 1 Safety Review Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 1 Safety Review Deck (24)
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1
Q

What are two definitions of science?

A

a. An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the NATURAL world.
b. The body of knowledge that scientists have built up over the years.

2
Q

Explain why science cannot answer every question.

A

Science is limited to the natural world.

3
Q

What are the goals of science?

A

a. To provide natural explanations for events in the NATURAL world.
b. To understand patterns in nature and make predictions about future events.

4
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

The Scientific Method is an organized way to solve a problem.

5
Q

List the steps of the scientific method.

A
  1. State the Problem
  2. Form a Hypothesis
  3. Set Up a Controlled Experiment
  4. Record the Results
  5. Analyze the Results
  6. Draw a Conclusion
  7. Publish Results
6
Q

How do you make an observation?

A

To make an observation you have to gather information through the senses (Qualitative and Quantitative) and make inferences.

7
Q

Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative data.

A

Qualitative: a description (no numbers)
Quantitative: uses numbers

8
Q

What is the difference between an observation and an inference?

A

An observation is made using senses. An inference is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge.

9
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations or an educated guess and it must be testable.

10
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

A controlled experiment is when you only test one variable.

11
Q

What is a independent variable?

A

Independent Variable: the variable that changed (manipulated variable)

12
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

Dependent Variable: the variable that you observed and that changes (responding variable)

13
Q

What is the group called that has normal conditions in an experiment?

A

Control Group: exposed to the same conditions except for the independent variable

14
Q

Why is it important to use a large sample size?

A

to ensure that you get accurate results

15
Q

What are the only two things that your conclusion can state?

A

Supported or Disproved

16
Q

Why is it important that research is reviewed by peers?

A

because it ensures that the results were correct

17
Q

Briefly discuss the three scientists and their research that led to disproving spontaneous generation.

A

Francesco Redi: The two jars with meat in it. One was covered and one was open.

Lazzaro Spallanzoni: Boiled gravy. Closed one. Killed the “Vital Life Force”.

Louis Pasteur: Same as Spallanzoni’s but had curved neck.

18
Q

Why are experiments not always an option?

A

Some experiments are not always and option because sometimes the experiment isn’t ethical and other times it’s not testable.

19
Q

Distinguish between a hypothesis, theory, and law.

A

A hypothesis is an idea that hasn’t been tested. A theory is a hypothesis that has been tested many times and the same outcome occurred. A law is an observation that always happens.

20
Q

List the characteristics of life and give an example of each that is shown in humans.

A
  1. Living things contain DNA.
    - The structure of a plant is determined my DNA
  2. Living things grow and develop.
    - As we grow older we grow taller and bigger.
  3. Living things respond to their environment.
    - When a venus fly plant closes when it senses a fly
  4. Living things are made up of cells
    - Our skin contains millions of cells that regrow
  5. Living thing reproduce
    - Humans have babies.
  6. Living things maintain homeostasis
    - Our body temperature is constant
  7. Living things obtain and use material and energy.
    - We eat three meals a day.
  8. Living things evolve
    - Insects have grown smaller throughout time
21
Q

List the levels of organization from largest to smallest and define each.

A
  1. Biosphere: the part of Earth that contains all ecosystems
  2. Ecosystem: a community and its nonliving surroundings
  3. Community: populations that live together in a defined area
  4. Population: group of organisms of one type that live in the same area
  5. Organism: individual living thing
  6. Organ Systems: groups of organs that complete similar tasks
  7. Tissues: groups of cells
  8. Cells: basic characteristic of life
  9. Molecules: groups of atoms
  10. Atoms
22
Q

What are the big ideas or theme of biology?

A
  1. Cellular Basis of Life
  2. Genetics: Information and Heredity
  3. Matter and Energy
  4. Growth, Development, and Reproduction
  5. Homeostasis
  6. Evolution
  7. Structure and Function
  8. Unity and Diversity
  9. Interdependence
  10. Science as a Way of Knowing
23
Q

What measurement system is used in science?

A

International System of Unit (SI)

24
Q

List the prefixes used in the metric system and their meanings.

A
Kilo     1,000
Hecto  100
Deca   10
Base   1
Deci    0.1
Centi   0.01
Milli     0.001