Chapter 1: Specialised cells Flashcards
What are the 4 main specialised cells?
Sperm, fat, root hair and cone cells
What does the term specialised cells mean?
Cell that are adapted to certain jobs to do
List all the parts found in a sperm cell, name the function of the sperm cell, the main special feature and what help this special feature has
Cytoplasm, acrosome, nucleus, mitochondria, centrioles, cell membrane,tail (flagellum) it’s job is to swim around and fertilise the egg. Special feature is long tail allows sperm to reach egg due to the mitochondria which is the site of respiration and gives the sperm energy
List all the parts found in a fat cell, name the function of the fat cell, the main special feature and what help this special feature has
Nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria. It stores fat when food is on short supply to help us survive. Have small amounts of cytoplasm and large amounts of fat few mitochondria as cell does not need a lot of energy. It can expand up to 1000x times its size if more fat is stored
List all the parts found in a cone cell, name the function of the cone cell, the main special feature and what help this special feature has
Outer segment, nucleus and synapse. It has a light sensitive layer of eye called the retina and allows you to see in colour it also detects light. The outer segment contains pigment which is a special chemical to help see in light. The middle section is packed full of mitochondria so you can continually see in colour . Synapses onto optic nerve which allows quick impulses to reach the brain
List all the parts found in a root hair cell, name the function of the root hair cell, the main special feature and what help this special feature has
Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole and nucleus. It is close to tips of growing roots it helps take up water more efficiently and mineral ions. The large permanent vacuole speeds up the movement of water by osmosis from soil across root hair cell. The increased surface area allows it to collect and store more water
What does an animal cell have?
Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome and cytoplasm
What does a plant cell have?
Nucleus, cell wall, membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, chloroplasts, cytoplasm and sap vacuole
What does the nucleus do ?
Contains DNA that controls the activities of the cell
DNA: genes code, controls your characteristics
What does the cytoplasm do?
Gel like substance where chemical reactions mostly occur. Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions
Enzymes: protein catalysts that speed up the reaction within the cell
What does the cell membrane do?
A thin bilayer of lipids that hold a cell together and controls what goes in and out.
Lipids: fats
What does the mitochondria do?
We’re most reactions for respiration take place also supplies energy
Respiration: releases energy cell needs to work
What does the ribosome do?
We’re proteins are made ( think of it as ribs in ribosome is meat which is protein ;) )
Proteins: all living things including enzymes, hormones and antibodies
What does the cell wall do?
The rigid cell wall is made of cellulose which supports and strengthens the cell
Cellulose: long, straight chains made of sugar/glucose that is very strong
What does the permanent vacuole do?
Contains cell sap
Cell sap:weak solution of sugars and salts.
